-(Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae) in an urban artificial lake, Paraná State, Brazil). An investigation of the genera Closterium from an artificial lake of Cascavel city, Paraná, Brazil was undertaken. The samples were collected from January/2002 to November/2003, in the lake littoral zone. Seventeen taxa of the genera Closterium were identified, where 13 of them were typical and four of them non-typical varieties. C. cynthia De Notaris var. cynthia, represented 25% of total samples, followed by C. moniliferum (Bory) Ehrenberg ex Ralfs var. moniliferum (17%). Taxa
-(The genus Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae) in the Itaipu Reservoir, PR, Brazil). The study aimed to survey the flora of the Cosmarium genera on a tributary of Itaipu dam in western Paraná State. Samples were collected monthly from the biological community in five sampling stations in the limnetic region of the São Francisco Falso river tributary, Santa Helena, Paraná, between July 2003 and June 2004. Were used as criteria of occurrence of taxa in the samples constancies accidental, incidental and constant. The inventory resulted in the identification, description and illustration of 23 taxa, including 10 at the specific,13 infraspecific level, and of these, seven varieties typical of their species and six varieties not typical of their species, and taxonomic two forms. The vast majority of taxa surveyed (69.5%) had an accidental constancy, and the remaining species (30.5%) represented by the constant accessory. There wasn't occurrence of constant taxa.
-(Desmidiaceae (except Cosmarium) from a tributary of Itaipu Reservoir, State of Paraná, Brazil). Survey of genera Desmidiaceae (except Cosmarium) in a tributary of Itaipu Reservoir. It carried out it qualitative analysis of 60 samples collected in the period from July 2003 to June 2004. Forty-one species, ten varieties which are not the typical of its respective species and an another not typical species were also identified. The Desmidiaceae were represented by the genera: . Quarenta e uma espécies, dez variedades que não são as típicas de suas respectivas espécies e uma forma igualmente não típica foram identificadas. As Desmidiaceae foram representadas pelos gêneros: Actinotaenium (1), Closterium (3), Euastrum (5), Micrasterias (5), Octacanhtium (1), Onychonema (1), Penium (1), Pleurotaenium (2), Spondylosium (2), Staurastrum (14), Staurodesmus (5) e Xanthidium (1). Staurastrum foi o gênero mais especioso contribuindo com 34% da riqueza total. Os gêneros menos especiosos foram: Actinotaenium, Octacanthium, Onychonema, Penium e Xanthidium, representados cada um por apenas uma espécie, juntos somaram 12% do total. Micrasterias truncata (Corda) Brébisson ex Ralfs var. pusilla G.S. West foi encontrada em todas as estações de coleta.
The roots and stems of Aristolochia triangularis Chamisso, a woody climber growing in Brasil, contain fatty acids as well as (-)-kaur-16-en-18-acid, but no aristolochic acids. The following stigmastane type triterpenes have been isolated: stigmast-4-en-3-on, stigmastan-3,6-dion and stigmast -4-en-3,6-dion as well as kaurane diterpenes: (-)-kaur-16-en, (-), kaur-16-en-18-al, (-)-kauran-16alpha-ol-18-al, (-)-16alpha, 17-epoxykauran, (-)-kaur- 16 - en-18-ol and (-)-kaur-15-en-17-ol. In addition sesquiterpenes have been found: (-)-alpha-ylangen, (-)-alpha-copaen, (E)-beta-elemen, gamma-elemen, (E)-(R)-Nerolidol. The lignanes isolated from A. TRIANGULARIS include cubebin, found so far only in Piper cubeba, and galbacin. The new lignans 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylendioxycubebin and 3',4'-dimethoxy-3',4'-desmethylendioxycubebin have been identified. For better interpretation of the (1)H-NMR-spectra in relation to the stereochemistry, the 6,6'-dinitro derivates are suitable.
Th is work is part of a survey of the desmid fl ora in a tributary of the Itaipu Reservoir, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Th e objective was to expand the knowledge base regarding the genus Cosmarium (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae). We conducted a qualitative analysis of 60 samples of phytoplankton, which were collected from along the banks of the São Francisco Falso River between July of 2003 and June of 2004. We identifi ed, drew, and described 18 taxa of Cosmarium. Of those 18 taxa, 8 represent new records for the state of Paraná: C. angulosum Bréb. var. angulosum, C. bireme Nordst. var. bireme, C. clepsydra Nordst. var. clepsydra, C. cf. galeritum Nordst. var. borgei, C. ginzbergeri, C. norimbergense Reinsch var. norimbergense, C. protractum (Nägeli) De Bary var. protractum, and C. rectangulare var. hexagonum (Elfving) G.S. West & West.
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