Overweight in boys with ADHD is associated with polymorphisms in three candidate genes: DRD4, SNAP25, and 5HTR2A, but not through conditioning deficits in cognitive functions.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are involved in metabolic regulation. The purpose of the study was to assess the serum levels of NPY and PYY in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or obesity (OB), as well as in a healthy control group (CG). The effects of potential confounders on their concentrations were also analysed. Eighty-nine adolescents were included in this study (AN = 30, OB = 30, and CG = 29). Anthropometric measurements and psychometric assessment of depressive symptoms, eating behaviours, body attitudes, and fasting serum levels of NPY and PYY were analysed. The AN group presented severe depressive symptoms, while the OB group held different attitudes towards the body. The levels of NPY were lower in the AN and OB groups as compared with the CG. The PYY levels were higher in the OB group than in the AN group and the CG. The severity of eating disorder symptoms predicted fasting serum concentrations of NPY. Lower levels of NPY in AN, as well as in OB suggests the need to look for a common link in the mechanism of this effect. Higher level of PYY in OB may be important in explaining complex etiopathogenesis of the disease. The psychopathological symptoms may have an influence on the neurohormones regulating metabolism.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a widespread, metabo-psychiatric disorder with high relapse rates, comorbidity, and mortality. Many regulatory proteins and neurohormones studied to date play essential roles in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders and the maintenance of psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, the regulatory and pathophysiological mechanisms of AN are still poorly understood. In the presented study, the plasma levels of apelin-13 (APE-13) and asprosin (ASP), as well as carbohydrate metabolism parameters and psychometric parameters, were evaluated in low-weight adolescent female patients with AN (AN1), after partial weight normalization (AN2) and in an age-matched healthy control group (CG) were evaluated. APE-13 levels were higher in the AN1 group than in the post-realimentation and the CG group. APE-13 levels were independent of insulin and glucose levels. Plasma ASP levels increased with increasing body weight in patients with AN, correlating with the severity of eating disorder symptoms in emaciation. The presented data suggest that APE-13 and ASP may be AN’s biomarkers-regulation of eating behavior by APE-13 and ASP, the close relationship between them and emotional behavior, and changes in neurohormone levels in patients with eating and affective disorders seem to support these hypotheses. Moreover, their plasma levels seem to be related to the severity of psychopathological symptoms of eating disorders.

Cel pracyOcena częstości występowania czynników ryzyka związanych z przebiegiem ciąży i porodu oraz ze stanem dziecka po porodzie, w grupie dzieci i młodzieży z ADHD i grupie kontrolnej.Metoda205 niespokrewnionych dzieci i młodzieży z rozpoznaniem ADHD oraz 106 uczniów szkół podstawowych i ponadpodstawowych, w wieku 7-17 lat. Matki dzieci i młodzieży z rozpoznaniem ADHD oraz z grupy kontrolnej zostały poproszone o udzielenie wywiadu w celu uzyskania danych do uzupełnienia Kwestionariusza wywiadu ciążowo-okołoporodowego.WynikiIstotne statystycznie różnice (p<0,05) wykazano dla częstości występowania takich czynników ryzyka jak: występowanie u matki w I/II trymestrze ciąży chorób oraz innych problemów, narażenie matki przez cały czas trwania ciąży na stres oraz przyjmowanie przez nią leków, palenie przez matkę papierosów w czasie ciąży, wiek matki w chwili porodu <25 r.ż lub > 35 r.ż., zastosowanie substancji redukujących ból porodowy oraz występowanie problemów z dzieckiem w czasie porodu, uzyskanie przez noworodka wyniku w skali Apgar w przedziale 5-7 pkt., występowanie u noworodka po porodzie żółtaczki wymagającej leczenia, zwłaszcza przy pomocy transfuzji wymiennej, anomalii fizycznych/problemów wrodzonych, a także problemów adaptacyjnych wymagających podania tlenu lub umieszczenia w inkubatorze.WnioskiIstotnie częstsze występowanie w grupie ADHD w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną czynników ryzyka związanych z przebiegiem ciąży, porodu oraz ze stanem dziecka po porodzie, może świadczyć o ich potencjalnej roli w etiologii ADHD.

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating and significant weight loss. In the course of AN, changes are observed in appetite regulation, including orexigenic ghrelin and potentially anorexigenic obestatin. The study aimed to determine if any changes in serum ghrelin and obestatin levels during treatment of AN are observed, while investigating the correlations between these peptides and the severity of disturbed eating attitudes, depression, and anxiety. Thirty adolescent inpatients with AN (examined twice: before hospitalization treatment AN-BT and after treatment AN-AT) and thirty healthy age- and height-matched girls (CG) participated in the study. Anthropometric, serum ghrelin and obestatin concentrations and psychometric evaluations (Eating Attitudes Test 26 Item-EAT-26, Beck Depression Inventory-BDI, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-HDRS, and Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale-Y-BOCS) were performed. The study revealed significantly higher ghrelin and obestatin levels in AN-BT than in AN-AT. A trend toward lower levels during treatment provided partial normalizations. Analyzing correlations in the AN-BT vs. CG group, correlations of peptides with EAT-26, BDI, and HDRS scores were detected. These results suggest a potential role for ghrelin and obestatin in the context of defense mechanisms regulating appetite and body weight in the course of AN and in terms of psychopathological changes co-occurring with this eating disorder.

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