This work presents investigations of biologically active metabolites of Usnea barbata lichen. Extraction conditions for usnic acid and other biologically active phytocomponents using various solvent systems were chosen. Modern analytical techniques were used to study composition of the obtained extracts; usnic acid and phenolic compound contents were estimated. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of lichen dry extract against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were studied.
This work is devoted to investigation of methods of obtaining and usage of lipid fraction from microalgae. We describe methods for obtaining lipid fractions from microalgae Chlorella Sorokiniana by means of Sohxlet apparatus. We studied influence of microalga biomass drying technique (IR and lyophilization) and cell disintegration technique on lipid output from biomass. We investigated physical (SHF-radiation) and mechanical (grinding) treatments aiming at cell disintegration. It was shown, that maximum lipid output is obtained at combined treatment of biomass by lyophilization and SHF-irradiation. When comparing total lipids output from lyophilized biomass without and after disintegration (by mechanical and physical treatments), we didn’t notice any notable difference. Lyophilic treatment simultaneously dehydrates biomass and results in maximum cell disintegration, which provides maximum lipids output without additional disintegration stage (13.2%). It was proved that biomass lyophilization results in maximum lipids output.
Rare earth elements (REEs) have recently received significant attention due to their irreplaceable industrial application for the number of crucial advanced technologies in production of permanent magnets, batteries, luminescence lamps, lasers and other electronic and electrical goods. These technologies have been strongly affecting present consumption of REEs as well as looking for alternative sources, that would guarantee their sufficient supply for the future demand. This study investigates one of the possible and widely employed techniques for the efficient and at the same time, environmentally friendly recovery of REEs by adsorption using bio-based adsorbents. Overall, three bio-sorbents with different composition (residual biomass originated from agriculture and bio-refineries) were examined to study removal efficiency of the 7 most commonly used REEs in mixed aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at the room temperature, varying the pH value (pH=1,54; 4,24) and different initial concentration of REEs to determine optimum condition for their recovery. Results revealed that removal efficiency for most of the REEs was much higher at pH=4,24 and reached 70-100% for the minimal concentrations and 30-40 % at maximal initial concentrations respectively. Adsorbent containing residual biomass and chitosan showed to be the most effective bio-sorbent for recovery of most of the REEs. In order to describe and fit the obtained data Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were employed.
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