Investigations of the anomalies in the Earth rotation, in particular, the polar motion components, play an important role in our understanding of the processes that drive changes in the Earth's surface, interior, atmosphere, and ocean. This paper is primarily aimed at investigation of the Chandler wobble (CW) at the whole available 163-year interval to search for the major CW amplitude and phase variations. First, the CW signal was extracted from the IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service) Pole coordinates time series using two digital filters: the singular spectrum analysis and Fourier transform. The CW amplitude and phase variations were examined by means of the wavelet transform and Hilbert transform. Results of our analysis have shown that, besides the well-known CW phase jump in the 1920s, two other large phase jumps have been found in the 1850s and 2000s. As in the 1920s, these phase jumps occurred contemporarily with a sharp decrease in the CW amplitude.
The paper presents the possibilities of the Singular Spectrum Analyses on the examples of its application to several astrometric and geodynamic time series. The comparisons of results obtained by other often used methods (Fourier transform, Wavelet Transform, different £lter methods) are given. The Singular Spectrum Analyses method was used for the investigation of the Chandler wobble (CW), which was extracted from the IERS Pole coordinates and latitude variations at Pulkovo. The CW amplitude and phase variations were examined by means of the Hilbert transform. The main conclusion which can be made from this study is: we have found two epochs of deep CW amplitude decreases near 1850 and 2005, which are also accompanied by a large phase jump, similar to well known event in 1920s. The investigation of £rst latitude observations at Pulkovo (1840-1855) was executed with help to gain and analyse the sum of Chandler and annual components from very small quantity of very noisy observations. The SSA is applied for investigation of the zenith troposphere delay time-series derived from observations of several VLBI stations. Combined IVS time-series of the zenith wet and total troposphere delays obtained in IGG were used for analysis. For all stations under consideration the non-linear trends and the seasonal components with annual and semiannual periods were found. Some interesting peculiarities were found to be individual for every stations. Comparison of the trends with meteorological parameters also is presented to show possible similarities.
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