ContentsCryopreservation of female gametes is a crucial part of assisted reproduction techniques. The domestic cat is a model for both wild felids and human research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different vitrification protocols applied to feline oocytes at different maturational stages on the preservation of oocyte viability and integrity of subcellular structures. The vitrification solutions consisted of 20% ethylene glycol, 20% DMSO, 20% FCS, and 1.5 M Trehalose with and without 10% Ficoll PM-70. Markers for cell viability (PI/ FDA), cytoskeleton organization (Anti-a-Tubulin-FITC antibody, Phalloidin-TRITC), as well as nuclear configuration (DAPI) were used for evaluation of vitrified-warmed oocytes. Our results show that 52% and 41% of live mature and immature oocytes, respectively and until 32% of microtubules, 28% of nuclear configuration and 36% of microfilaments in the normal pattern can be obtained with protocol described in this paper. According to our data, Ficoll PM-70 essentially improves the oocytes survival upon vitrification. IntroductionAssisted reproduction techniques (ART) as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are important for wild animal conservation programs. Cryopreservation of domestic cat oocytes is also an important part of ART. Successful cryopreservation of female gametes would allowed to overcome time and space differences which are often an obstacle for research and field work of feline species.The domestic cat (Felis catus) is an easily obtainable biomedical model for studies on wild cat species and it has been demonstrated that many domestic cat ART protocols can be applied in wild felids (Pope 2000).Despite the fact that Tharasanit et al. (2011) andPope et al. (2012) reported a birth of live kittens obtained from vitrified cat oocytes, cryopreservation of immature or mature cat oocytes was not proven to be a reliable and repeatable tool so far. In the few published works, the cleavage rate of vitrified-warmed domestic cat oocytes ranged between 14% and 25% (Merlo et al. 2008;Comizzoli et al. 2009;Cocchia et al. 2010;Tharasanit et al. 2011). Cat oocyte cryopreservation is still considered to be an experimental technique (Luvoni 2006).The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different vitrification protocols applied to feline oocytes at different maturational stages on the preservation of oocyte viability and integrity of subcellular structures. The assessment by fluorescent markers of oocyte viability, cytoskeletal organization and nuclear configuration in vitrified and fresh oocytes was aimed to identify the damaging effects of cryopreservation.To achieve a very high cooling rate, which is necessary to prevent ice formation, the volume of the vitrification solution should be minimized by using devices specially designed for vitrification. In our study we focused on two of the most commonly used techniques -cryoloop and cryotop. Materials and MethodsAll chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie Gmbh (Munich, Germany), unless othe...
A Bernese mountain dog was subjected for clinical evaluation due to the presence of ambiguous external genitalia (enlarged clitoris). Anatomical and histological studies revealed the presence of one testicle, one ovotestis and a uterus. This dog was classified as a female-to-male sex reversal, with 2 normal X chromosomes and a lack of the Y chromosome-linked genes SRY and ZFY. It is the first case of this syndrome in this breed. Apparently a Robertsonian translocation, rob(5;23), was also identified in this dog and it is again the first case of this type of chromosome abnormality in this breed, as well as the first case of co-occurrence of the sex reversal syndrome along with a centric fusion in the dog. Since on the canine chromosome 23 (CFA23) 3 genes (FOXL2,PISRT1 and CTNNB1) involved in the sex determination process are present, further cytogenetic FISH studies were carried out with the use of BAC probes specific for this chromosome. It was found that a pericentromeric fragment of CFA23 was deleted as a result of the centric fusion. We hypothesize that a cis regulatory sequence for the sex determination genes on CFA23 (e.g. proximally located CTNNB1) is present in the deleted fragment. Thus, a causative mutation responsible for this sex reversal syndrome may reside on CFA23.
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