This study addresses, for the first time, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operation of the disability fund in Poland. The study considers the impact of deaths on the number of survivor pensions and funeral allowance paid. We selected benefits which are a direct consequence of the death of the insured person and do not involve a medical assessment or subsequent steps in the insurance procedure, which allowed for a novel result, avoiding the time-gap problem. Data of four years were included in the study: 2018 and 2019 as pre-pandemic years and 2020 and 2021 as pandemic years. The research presented in this article (unexpectedly) indicates that there is no impact of the increased number of deaths on the increase in the number of survivor pensions and therefore there is no negative impact of the COVID-19 implications on the disability fund. The relationship between the total number of deaths and the number of funeral allowances is characterized by a high correlation with a positive direction.
Issues of employee support during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic period are of an interdisciplinary nature. Moreover, these should be considered from both an epistemological and a practical perspective. The aim of this study was to determine what forms of support for employees in terms of health and quality of work were provided by employers during the pandemic and what forms of support will be expected by employees after it ceases. The research process was carried out in two stages: primary and secondary exploration and quantitative clarification. In the first stage, a systematic review of the literature and a critical analysis of the so-called grey literature was performed. In the second stage, computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) methodology was used. Ward’s method was used for data analysis. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic forced employers to search for new solutions to enable the continuation of their business activities, which consisted of switching from the traditional form of work to a remote form. The transition to the remote work mode changed the approach to the forms of work support provided for employees, with particular emphasis on the health of employees and the quality of work. The changes in the forms of support for employees in terms of health and quality of work were either bottom-up or top-down. Employers tried to provide access to remote infrastructure as much as possible, but the consequences of remote work in terms of the physical and mental health of employees were rarely noticed or considered. After the pandemic, online health support and access to the appropriate equipment and tools for remote work are unlikely to be needed.
Purpose: This paper aims to indicate the critical role as an important actor of public policy and the undervalued entity with an essential impact on public finance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article employs document analysis, desk research, statistical analysis of the caregiver's households' budgets from a nationwide questionnaire survey in 2015 and 2020. Findings: The empirical results show that in countries with underdeveloped care infrastructure, the lack of caregivers' input can induce considerable increases in public burdens within the next 50 years. As the group of caregivers is not (economically) homogeneous, public actions should aim to prevent the impact of pandemic risk and provide caregivers with adequate income for the activities performed, treated, or as an employee or as an allowance. Practical Implications: The ongoing (although very late) process of reforms on long-term care within UE should be more evidence-based to avoid further income stratification between caregivers households and a rapid increase in public finance expenditure. Originality/value: The article presents the original concept of the classification of caregivers' income, changes taking place over the last five years in the forms of careers' income in the EU, and the selected results of the author's research on the budgets of caregivers ' households in Poland in 2015 and 2020.
Informacje o naborze artykułów i zasadach recenzowania znajdują się na stronie internetowej Wydawnictwa www.pracenaukowe.ue.wroc.pl www.wydawnictwo.ue.wroc.pl Publikacja udostępniona na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Polska (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 PL)
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