Over the last few decades, the Brain-Computer Interfaces have been gradually making their way to the epicenter of scientific interest. Many scientists from all around the world have contributed to the state of the art in this scientific domain by developing numerous tools and methods for brain signal acquisition and processing. Such a spectacular progress would not be achievable without accompanying technological development to equip the researchers with the proper devices providing what is absolutely necessary for any kind of discovery as the core of every analysis: the data reflecting the brain activity. The common effort has resulted in pushing the whole domain to the point where the communication between a human being and the external world through BCI interfaces is no longer science fiction but nowadays reality. In this work we present the most relevant aspects of the BCIs and all the milestones that have been made over nearly 50-year history of this research domain. We mention people who were pioneers in this area as well as we highlight all the technological and methodological advances that have transformed something available and understandable by a very few into something that has a potential to be a breathtaking change for so many. Aiming to fully understand how the human brain works is a very ambitious goal and it will surely take time to succeed. However, even that fraction of what has already been determined is sufficient e.g., to allow impaired people to regain control on their lives and significantly improve its quality. The more is discovered in this domain, the more benefit for all of us this can potentially bring.

Off-the-shelf, consumer-grade EEG equipment is nowadays becoming the first-choice equipment for many scientists when it comes to recording brain waves for research purposes. On one hand, this is perfectly understandable due to its availability and relatively low cost (especially in comparison to some clinical-level EEG devices), but, on the other hand, quality of the recorded signals is gradually increasing and reaching levels that were offered just a few years ago by much more expensive devices used in medicine for diagnostic purposes. In many cases, a well-designed filter and/or a well-thought signal acquisition method improve the signal quality to the level that it becomes good enough to become subject of further analysis allowing to formulate some valid scientific theories and draw far-fetched conclusions related to human brain operation. In this paper, we propose a smoothing filter based upon the Savitzky–Golay filter for the purpose of EEG signal filtering. Additionally, we provide a summary and comparison of the applied filter to some other approaches to EEG data filtering. All the analyzed signals were acquired from subjects performing visually involving high-concentration tasks with audio stimuli using Emotiv EPOC Flex equipment.

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ObjectivesIn this paper series of experiments were carried out in order to check the influence of various sounds on human concentration during visually stimulated tasks performance.MethodsThe obtained data was filtered. For the study purposes various smoothing filters were tested, including Median and Savitzky–Golay Filters; however, median filter only was applied. Implementation of this filter made the obtained data more legible and useful for potential diagnostics purposes. The tests were carried out with the implementation of the Emotiv Flex EEG headset.ResultsThe obtained results were promising and complied with the initial assumptions, which stated that the “relax”-phase, despite relaxing sounds stimuli, is strongly affected with the “focus”-phase with distracting sounds, which is clearly visible in the shape of the recorded EEG data.ConclusionsFurther investigations with broader range of subjects is being currently carried out in order to confirm the already obtained results.

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ObjectivesThis presents a case for fear and stress stimuli and afterward EEG data analysis.MethodsThe stress factor had been evoked by a computer horror game correlated with virtual reality (VR) and brain-computer interface (BCI) from OpenBCI, applied for the purpose of brain waves changes observation.ResultsResults obtained during the initial study were promising and provide conclusions for further research in this field carried out on an expanded group of involved participants.ConclusionsThe study provided very promising and interesting results. Further investigation with larger amount of participants will be carried out.