At present, the return of fallow lands to agricultural circulation is an important and one of the topical issues of the whole world. Research related to the restoration of soil properties of fallows is of particular value. Therefore, it is necessary to know what processes occur in the vegetation and soil cover of fallows at the different stages of their development, taking into account local natural features. The paper presents the results of a survey of young (up to four years) and middle-aged (up to ten years) fallows of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia within the Novosibirsk region. It is established that in the first decade of succession in fallow areas there are two stages of overgrowth, and when analyzing the structure of plant matter, it is shown that the ratio of their fractional composition reflects the general tendency to restore the ecosystem that preceded plowing. Restoration of soil properties under young and middle-aged fallows is much slower. Data of humus content analysis allow us to conclude that its content is somewhat higher in the upper parts of the profile in middle-aged fallows compared to young fallows. The research on soil-physical characteristics and vegetation cover allowed us to note the trends of restoration of the initial state of soils.
Purpose: to determine the degree of state of knowledge of the ecological and reclamation state of irrigated lands in the south of Western Siberia. Materials and methods: an analysis of a large array of literary sources, archival documents, data of state statistics concerning the reclamation state of lands in the south of Western Siberia was made. Results. As a result of the research it was found: despite the fact that Russia has significant water resources, in a number of regions there is an acute shortage in water, primarily due to the uneven distribution of water resources over the territory, and, as a consequence, land potentially suitable for agricultural cultivation is underutilized. In this regard, it is important to use water resources more efficiently, including local runoff, on the basis of which estuary irrigation can be widely used in the arid zones of our country. The manifestation of the negative consequences of irrigation, leading to a productivity decrease of the irrigated lands, is due to the poor study of the territories allocated for irrigation facilities, the lack of agricultural technologies adapted to the natural conditions of a particular zone. The problems of soil irrigation in Western Siberia are identical to those of irrigated soils in the European part of Russia. However, the natural conditions of Western Siberia differ from those of European Russia, which leaves its mark on the processes occurring in the soil. Conclusions: at the moment, in most farms, the area of irrigated land has been significantly reduced (by about 40 %). Due to the uncontrolled and unscientific approach to irrigation, these lands are in an unsatisfactory reclamation state, and some of them have been completely withdrawn from agricultural use. To improve the current situation and eliminate the negative consequences of improper irrigation, it is necessary to resume research in this area and assess the state and prospects for restored irrigation of lands in the south of Western Siberia.
Проведена комплексная почвенно-экологическая оценка эродированных почв под молодыми и средневозрастными залежами юго-востока Западной Сибири с расчетом баллов почвенно-экологического индекса. Восстановление почвенных свойств под залежами молодого и среднего возраста происходит медленно и постепенно. Изменение свойств почв находит подтверждение в балльной оценке. В то же время средневозрастные залежи по степени восстановления свойств далеко не всегда явно отличаются от залежей молодого возраста и не всегда обнаруживают значительную степень восстановления исходных почвенно-физических свойств, и при этом они не достигают своего исходного состояния. Возвращение средневозрастных залежей в сельскохозяйственный оборот не представляется целесообразным, так как часто в состояние залежи переводятся почвы в разной степени смыто-намытые, что является причиной, замедляющей восстановление их свойств. Следует учитывать, что возврат в пахотный фонд залежей на эродированных почвах может нанести этим землям еще больший экологический ущерб. Таким образом, в связи с тем, что эрозионные процессы являются сдерживающим фактором возвращения земель в равновесное состояние с условиями среды, следует с особой тщательностью подходить к изучению пригодности склоновых территорий для возвращения в сельскохозяйственный оборот.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.