Relevance. Verification of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) requires clear algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of patients, depending on clinical, laboratory and instrumental dates. Timely and informed decisions on optimizing management tactics and prescribing proactive anti-inflammatory therapy before development of a complete symptom complex life threatening conditions are needed in some cases. Aim of the study. To analyze the course and outcomes of a new coronavirus infection, depending on the initial characteristics of the patients and treatment options. Materials and methods. A preliminary analysis of the case histories of 129 people hospitalized in the center for treating patients with a new coronavirus infection at North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov was made by random sampling. Among the hospitalized patients there were 67 men (51.9%), the average age was 57.9 16.4 years, 62 women (48.1%), and the average age was 60.2 13.6 years. During hospitalization, all patients underwent standard clinical laboratory and instrumental examination, as well as determination of saturation (SpO2), markers of the cytokine storm (CRP, ferritin, AST, D-dimer, fibrinogen, lymphocytes), compute tomography (CT) of the lungs. The effectiveness and safety of therapy was evaluated by the outcome (recovery, death), as well as by the presence of adverse events in the background of the therapy. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the Statistica 12 for Windows application software package, the significance of differences between the two relative values was evaluated using the Student t-test (t 2, p 0.05). Results. Fatal outcomes were significantly more frequently recorded among patients of older age groups and males. The presence of concomitant diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, pathology of the cardiovascular system was accompanied by more frequent fatal outcomes. That allows considering comorbidity as a risk factor for severe course and poor prognosis of COVID-19. However, in general, in the presence of the indicated forms of concomitant diseases, it was not possible to establish significant differences with the outcomes of COVID-19, which may be due to an insufficient amount of patients. Predictors of fatal outcome was low values of saturation, the presence of respiratory failure, a significant amount of lung tissue damage (CT-3-4), as well as high values of CRP, ferritin, AST, D-dimer, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia. The use of anticytokine drugs (ACD) in complex therapy can be considered a favorable predictor of outcome, which indicates the advisability of wider use. The materials of the study allow not only a preliminary assessment of the course and effectiveness of complex therapy using anticytokine drugs with COVID-19 in patients with comorbid diseases, but also to develop therapeutic and diagnostic algorithms in patients of this category.
BACKGROUND: According to published research outcomes, liver dysfunction is one of the predictors of adverse outcome COVID-19. AIM: To study the frequency and severity of liver damage in COVID-19 and suggest therapeutic and prevention approaches to liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 171 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at the age of 2194 (mean age 59.85 14.96). Clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, blood ammonia test, number linkage test, multislice computed tomography of the chest, and 13C-metacetin breath test. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the volume of lung injury. Statistical processing of the results was performed with the software SPSS 26. RESULTS: The most frequent symptoms were manifestations of intoxication syndrome, respiratory failure, the severity of which correlated with the volume of lung tissue damage according to multislice computed tomography of the chest. In both groups, the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and alkaline phosphate increased. However, significant distinctions in the groups were revealed only for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphate levels. The level of C-reactive protein in both groups directly correlated with the level of cytolysis and cholestasis, indicating a significant role of the liver in pathological processes in COVID-19. Conclusion: Hyperammonemia and decreased liver functional reserve of various severity were observed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate the diagnostic value of the studied parameters for the evaluation of liver damage, as well as the applications of prevention and treatment measures for liver lesions in patients with COVID-19.
The analysis of material presented in the media discourse demonstrates significant changes in the intentionality of the journalistic text, which are reflected in establishing contacts so as to grab and retain the reader's attention. This feature of modern media text is represented in changing genre preferences, speech tactics and strategies, and, consequently, selecting and combining linguistic means. One of the manifestations of this trend is the phenomenon of clickbait, which is a communicative act of promising to continue communication. This article is dedicated to the clickbait with the semantics of comicality. The collected from the Russian-language Internet research material includes clickbait headings that promise a certain funny content. The study revealed that a clickbait model includes the following semantic components: a stimulating utterance of the subject of speech seeking to involve the reader in the humorous nature of hypertext; the verbal and non-verbal markers of the object of laughter; markers, which reflect Internet user's involvement in the communicative act. The analysis of relationship between the components of a clickbait model resulted in specifying four types of clickbait headlines: 1) narrative headlines, which invite the reader to laugh what some other readers have already laughed at; 2) offering headlines suggesting some comic entertainment; 3) allusive clickbaits that hint on the possibility to continue amusing reading; 4) nominative clickbaits, which name the expected laughing reaction to the presentation of some objects.
The purpose of the research is to demonstrate the functioning of key words in the texts of popular science journalism. Modern media text is created not only to inform, but to attract the reader. This enlarges the role of contact-building means, for example – the address to the epoch key words. We consider the peculiarities of phatic meanings in popular science journalism, dedicated to the historic themes. The research contains the analysis of phatic meanings in two randomly chosen issues of historic magazines. The result of the analysis is the selection of two groups of key words, which make the journalistic text contain additional phatic meanings. The first group of words is the current key words, allowing relating the publication, containing the address to a historical event or a historical person, to the actual reality. This lexical group allows the journalist to make the publication politically critical and topical and also to evaluate the current political situation through the historical parallel. Such word usage allows including ironic subtext in the historical journalism. The second group of words is the key words of a single publication; they allow completely characterizing an event or a person, being in the center of a journalist’s attention. These are the words, which relate to the acute for the Russian culture value meanings. They stay aside with the complete semantics and characterize the speech subject, the journalist’s relation to it, but they do not relate the theme to the current political situation.
2016РОССИЙСКАЯ В статье анализируются разновидности фатической беседы в медиадискурсе. Современные журналисты, стремясь ориентироваться на узкую целевую аудиторию, имитируют субъект-субъектное общение. В связи с этим всё чаще на страницах печатной публицистики появляются ин-тервью, которые не соответствуют жанровым требованиям информационной или портретной разно-видности жанра, а приближаются к нормам фатических жанров -светской беседы или дружеского разговора. В статье описываются жанровые черты таких интервью -фатических бесед, выявляется их интенциональность, анализируется форма репрезентации речевого материала, выделяются смысло-вые блоки текстов, логические связи между ними и, как следствие, доказывается фатическая природа проанализированных текстов. Анализу подвергаются стилистические особенности представленного речевого материала, демонстрируется его близость к разговорно-бытовому дискурсу.Ключевые слова: фатическая речь; медиадискурс; речевые жанры; интенциональность; дру-жеский разговор; светская беседа.
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