ABSTRACT. We define and study Cartan-Betti numbers of a graded ideal J in the exterior algebra over an infinite field which include the usual graded Betti numbers of J as a special case. Following ideas of Conca regarding Koszul-Betti numbers over the symmetric algebra, we show that Cartan-Betti numbers increase by passing to the generic initial ideal and the squarefree lexsegement ideal respectively. Moreover, we characterize the cases where the inequalities become equalities. As combinatorial applications of the first part of this note and some further symmetric algebra methods we establish results about algebraic shifting of simplicial complexes and use them to compare different shifting operations. In particular, we show that each shifting operation does not decrease the number of facets, and that the exterior shifting is the best among the exterior shifting operations in the sense that it increases the number of facets the least.

Abstract1 We prove that the arithmetic degree of a graded or local ring A is bounded above by the arithmetic degree of any of its associated graded rings with respect to ideals I in A. In particular, if Spec(A) is equidimensional and has an embedded component (i.e., A has an embedded associated prime ideal), then the normal cone of Spec(A) along V(I) has an embedded component too. This extends a result of W. M. Ruppert about embedded components of the tangent cone.