A library of some new fluorescent chromenopyrimidine derivatives has been synthesized by new approaches. Water-promoted and one-pot reaction can produce new dialkylylamino)-5H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl) phenols. These compounds can also be produced using domino reaction. Two parallel methods are compared. Novel N-alkyl-N-phenyl-5H-chromeno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-amines and 4-alkoxy-5H-chromeno[2, 3-d]pyrimidines are synthesized by Lewis-acid catalyzed reactions. The fluorescence emission intensity of the four compounds from each of libraries after excitation in 290 nm is measured. Compound 2-(4,5-bis(N-methyl-N-phenylamino)-5H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenol was isolated as a byproduct. The details of an interesting exchangeable intramolecular H- bonding of two of the new compounds are reported by X-ray analysis data.
Background
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was shown to be activated in severe COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels, ACE gene polymorphism, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and hypertension (HT) and the prognosis of COVID-19 infection.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical features of adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACE gene analysis and ACE level measurements were performed. The patients were grouped according to ACE gene polymorphism (DD, ID or II), disease severity (mild, moderate, or severe), and the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitor (DPP4i), ACE-inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality were also recorded.
Results
A total of 266 patients were enrolled. Gene analysis detected DD polymorphism in the ACE 1 gene in 32.7% (n = 87), ID in 51.5% (n = 137), and II in 15.8% (n = 42) of the patients. ACE gene polymorphisms were not associated with disease severity, ICU admission, or mortality. ACE levels were higher in patients who died (p = 0.004) or were admitted to the ICU (p<0.001) and in those with severe disease compared to cases with mild (p = 0.023) or moderate (p<0.001) disease. HT, T2DM, and ACEi/ARB or DPP4i use were not associated with mortality or ICU admission. ACE levels were similar in patients with or without HT (p = 0.374) and with HT using or not using ACEi/ARB (p = 0.999). They were also similar in patients with and without T2DM (p = 0.062) and in those with and without DPP4i treatment (p = 0.427). ACE level was a weak predictor of mortality but an important predictor of ICU admission. It predicted ICU admission in total (cutoff value >37.092 ng/mL, AUC: 0.775, p<0.001).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that higher ACE levels, but not ACE gene polymorphism, ACEi/ARB or DPP4i use, were associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 infection. The presence of HT and T2DM and ACEi/ARB or DPP4i use were not associated with mortality or ICU admission.
Phosphonic acid functionalized KIT-6 confined ionic liquid (IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIm] [BF 4 ]) catalyzed the one-pot condensation reaction of iminochromenes and salicylaldehydes with different primary alcohols to achieve the corresponding 4-alkoxy-5H-chromen[2,3-d]pyrimidines under solvent-free conditions and in good yields. This efficient nanocatalyst can be recovered for at least five reaction runs without significant loss of either activity or confined IL.
The main aim of the work is to assess physical parameters of forest woodchips and their impact on the prices achieved by the supplier in transactions with a power plant. During fragmentation of logging residue, high content of green matter and contaminants negatively impacts the quality parameters that serve as basis for settlements. The analysis concerns data on the main parameters -water content, fuel value, sulphur and ash content -from 252 days of deliveries of forest chips to a power plant. The deliveries were realised from forested areas on an average about 340 km from the plant. Average water content and the resultant fuel value of forest chips was within 27-47% and 8.7-12.9 GJ×Mg −1 (appropriately), respectively. They depend on the month in which they are delivered to the power plant. The threshold values for the above-mentioned parameters are set by the plant at a real level and the suppliers have no problems with meeting them. The parameter that is most frequently exceeded is ash content (11.5% of cases). The settlement system does not differentiate on the basis of the transport distance but gives possibility to lower the settlement price when the quality parameters are not met but provides no reward for deliveries with parameters better than the average ones. On the basis of results obtained, it was calculated that average annual settlement price is lower than the contract price by about 0.20 PLN×GJ −1 , which in case of the analysed company may translate into an average daily loss of about 700 PLN.
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