Dicationic ionic liquids present a novel class of ionic liquids composed of dication and two monoanions; the latter have shown an increasing interest in recent years and are used in many applications. Compared to conventional ionic liquids, the physicochemical properties of dicationic ionic liquids can be set by modifying the languor and the type of chains linking the cationic heads as well as the type of cation. In this work, we present the synthesis of three dicationic ionic liquids based on imidazolium with two steps; the first of which is a quaternization reaction leading to the formation of dicationic ionic liquids with the iodide ion. The characterization of these organic salts was carried out by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, allowing a better identification of the products obtained.
Nitrogen heterocycles represent one of the most important units in modern organic chemistry besides their wide existence broadly in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Among these heterocycles, pyrazole, the molecule of the present work, received much attention in organic synthesis because it delivers significant therapeutic and biological values as it was found to be the core unit of many drugs, agrochemicals, and related candidates. Due to this fact, the development of practical methodologies for the preparation of pyrazoles has attracted the long-standing interest of synthetic chemists. Synthetic heterocyclic chemistry using green methods has captivated many researchers in the recent past due to its easy operation and environmentally friendliness. In this review, we summarized systematic approaches for the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives via heterogeneous catalysis, ionic liquid catalysis, and multicomponent reactions.
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