This study was conducted through a valid and reliable questionnaire including socio-demographic and COVID 19 knowledge data. This study investigates the level of awareness about COVID 19. This research aimed to assess the current level of awareness towards COVID 19 among Syrians through a well-designed questionnaire. Data were collected online from a sample of 400 respondents.

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1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives constitute a group of biologically important compounds that have been used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, or psychotropic drugs in addition to their role in plant growth regulation and monoamine oxidase inhibition. This study focused on the use of microwaves in the synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives containing thiazolidinediones, which are promising for use as new drugs. For the first time, thiazolidinediones were synthesized by reacting benzaldehyde with cysteine with very good yield using microwave radiation at 340 watt. Subsequently, thiazolidine hydrazide (L3) was synthesized, which was reacted with carboxylic acid or carbon disulfide to be obtained in the presence of a base oxadiazole derivatives L4, L5, L6, L7, L8. The subjectivity of the synthetic compounds was verified by melting point measurement, E. Analy, and analysis using thin layer chromatography (TLC), FT-IR, mass spectrometry (EI-MS), and NMR spectroscopy.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Echinacea and ginger species extracts supplementation among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Three hundred female patients with knee OA participated in this randomized study. They had OA of the knee and moderate-to-severe pain and they were divided into two groups. Study group (n=150) and control group (n=150). The study which lasted for 6-week. The study group received Ginger and Echinacea extract supplementations twice daily, with/ without acetaminophen. The study examined the reduction in "knee pain on standing for the study group (Ginger and Echinacea group)" defined by a reduction in pain of > or = 15 mm on a visual analog scale. The study measured other biological values such as BP, ESR, Creatinine and liver enzymes. Results: The supplementation of ginger and Echinacea extracts resulted in improvements in many values. Systolic blood pressure dropped from 120.5 ± 10.4 to 119.7 ± 8.9 mmHg, pain intensity VAS decreased from 6.9 ± 2.1 to 6.6 ± 1.5, ESR17.3 ± 11.9 and 21.0 ± 9.8mm/h, creatinine 0.87 ± 0.19mg/dl and 0.85 ± 0.16 mg/ dl and liver enzymes 21.6 ± 8.5 IU/L and 20.9 ± 4.5 IU/L for ALT and 20.9 ± 4.5 IU/L and 20.3 ± 7.4 IU/L for AST. Conclusion: The use of ginger extract in knee osteoarthritis patients had a moderately statistically significant effect on reducing pain with safe profile and mild GI adverse events.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infection in children in Syria. This study was conducted on 48 urine samples from pediatric UTI patients aged from 0 days to 18 years. The ratio female/male UTI patients was 4:1. Escherichia coli was the first cause of UTIs in childhood (63%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (25%). A high rate of resistance (≥ 20%) to twelve antibiotics was observed among isolated urine bacteria, while only three antibiotics showed a rate of resistance below 20%. A good in vitro antibacterial activity was observed for amikacin, imipenem and gentamycin against isolated urine bacteria. First and second generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other agents displayed moderate to high resistance rates and multi-antibiotic resistance was found as well. 98% of urine bacteria isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Our results suggest that the antibiotic susceptibility may vary according to the bacterial infection types, since the comparison of susceptibility between Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia showed a difference of resistance rates.