Purpose: To examine the prevalence and awareness of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use among male bodybuilders visiting gyms in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 male bodybuilders visiting gyms in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Information on demographics, as well as the use of AAS, was included in a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of AAS in Jazan was 31.0 % (95 % CI,, and it was higher among those in the [30][31][32][33][34]. Its prevalence was also significantly higher among athletes who received higher education 37. 4% (95 % CI,. The most common types of AAS used are

IntroductionThis study assessed the impact of a summer research training course on the knowledge levels and skills of medical and allied health students.MethodsA one group pretest-posttest quasi-experiment study was conducted during a summer research course at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among course participants twice, on the first day (pretest) and the last day of the course (posttest). The questionnaire consisted of four sections: study design, literature review, formulation of a research question, and biostatistics.ResultsA total of 44 participants were included in the study, of whom 27 (61.4%) were medical students. The overall mean score of correct responses of the participants was 17.70±4.00 in the pretest compared to 22.18±6.64 in the posttest (p<0.001). The mean score of the correct responses of the participants in the “study design” pretest section was (4.23±1.51) compared to (10.23 ± 3.71) in the posttest, (p<0.001). While for the literature review section, the mean score of the correct responses in the pretest was (2.20±1.19) and (2.77±1.34) in the posttest, (p=0.027). Moreover, our results revealed that all participants (100%) were able to execute all the steps of a research project and 6 (13.64%) participants were able to submit papers for publication.ConclusionsOur results showed that a research training program might enhance research knowledge and skills in terms of the successful accomplishment of relevant assessment tasks among medical and allied health students.

No abstract

Introduction: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become the gold standard for treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and it is regarded as a relatively safe and effective technique. Orbital complications of FESS have been reported for many years owing to the close anatomical relationship between the paranasal sinuses and the orbit. Accidental injury of the lamina papyracea (LP) during FESS, was described in up to 5% of cases. Preventing complications begins with preoperative planning and careful review of computed tomographic (CT) scans. Methods: This was a multicentric national survey to report any case of lamina papyracea defect (LPD) that was not reported by radiologists. Multiple rhinologists from different provinces of Saudi Arabia (SA) were invited to report any patient with such an incidence in the last two years. patient-specific data were all included in this study. Results: The data of 16 patients, 11 males and 5 females, were reviewed retrospectively. The median age at diagnosis was 37.4 years. The right side is the most prevalent location of LPD (8 patients, 50%), despite the fact that most cases (75%) had no history of trauma or sinus surgery. Five patients had left-side LPDs and three had bilateral LPDs. Conclusion: Injury to the LP is a well-known avoidable complication of FESS. Careful and attentive review of CT scan images pre-operatively and by the operating surgeon is of utmost importance. This should always include the integrity and configuration of the medial orbital wall and LP without depending on the report of CT scans.