Background: Aplastic anemia although a rare hematological disorder but it is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. It is a matter of greater public health concern for the Asian population with prevalence 3 times greater than other part of the globe. Exposures of specific drugs, chemicals and others have been connected with an AA etiology. We aimed to examine the association of antimicrobial drugs exposures with AA. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan, selecting the patients with two blood lineages depressed on bone marrow biopsy as the cases while patients without any hematological disorder as controls. For each case four age-sex matched control were enrolled. Information associated to socio-demographics and exposure to antibiotics was collected on a questionnaire during personal interview. Results: We identified 191 cases with an age range of 1-66 years and 696 controls. Predominant participants were male (67%), female being 33%. Antimicrobial drugs were used by 49.74% of aplastic anemia cases whereas the use was reported in 29.31% controls. Beta-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol, macrolides, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and others were the drug categories evaluated. Conclusion: Antimicrobials were reported to be used more frequently in aplastic anemia cases as compared to their normal controls
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the global health problem all over the world. The millions of people facing morbidity and mortality due to poor glycemic control with their complications. Now a days many researchers working on the benefits of natural remedies to control and cure different diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia etc. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of (combination of olive oil & garlic) on glycemic control with comparison conventional allopathic therapy. Study Design: Prospective Randomized control Trial (RCT). Setting: Institute of Biochemistry Sindh University Jamshoro. Period: Three months from 15th July to 15th October 2017. Methodology: Collaboration of diabetic clinic medical wards LUMHS Jamshoro. Total 160 patients recruited and divided into two groups control and case study group. Anti-diabetic drugs were given both group with same dose and balanced diet, formulated capsules containing 1.1 ml of olive oil & 500mgs of garlic powder were given only patients of case study group for 12 weeks. Fasting blood sugar levels were analyzed by glucose oxidase method at zero level, level – I, level – II, while HbA1c% was detected by micro lab at zero level & level – II. Results: The results of our study; shows that serum fasting level significantly (p value = <0.001) reduce in case study group as compared to control group, glycemic control significant (p= <0.001) better observed in case study group as compare with control group. Conclusion: Our study concluded that components of olive oil and garlic have hypoglycemic effects with good glycemic control. With proper usage of garlic and olive oil in diet of diabetic patients can maintain glycemic control with in normal limits.
Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.
Background: Tuberculosis is a mycobacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculous bacillus. Anti-tuberculous drugs are drugs used to treat tuberculosis which include first line anti-tuberculosis drugs used to treat tuberculosis initially when the infection is non-resistant these include Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol. Second line anti-tuberculosis drugs which are used to treat resistant tuberculosis or when first line drugs are contraindicated these include Ethionamide, Capreomycin, ciprofloxacin etc. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is tuberculosis not responding to 2 first line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Methods: This study was aimed at determining the frequency of MDR pattern in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases. The design was cross sectional and the study was conducted at Tuberculosis and chest diseases Center Mirpur Khas in 2017 over two years. Results: Total 458 MDR patients were evaluated 252(55%) females and 206(45%) were males. Isoniazid and Rifampicin were resistant in 97 (21.17%) cases while Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Rifampicin were found to be resistant in 40(8.73%) cases. The resistance for Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Rifampicin was observed in 50(10.92%) cases whereas 60(13.10%) patients were resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Streptomycin. Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin and Streptomycin were resistant in 75(16.38%) cases. Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin and Streptomycin resistance was seen in 40(8.73%) patients and 96(20.96%) of the cases shoed resistance to Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide and Rifampicin. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is highly prevalent in the region.
Objectives: To assess the outcome of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in reducing the serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in type 2 diabetic patients taking anti-diabetic drug metformin. Study Design: An Observational study. Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro in collaboration with Sindh Institute of Endocrinology & Diabetes (SIED) Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: December 2017 to May 2018. Material and Methods: We carried out this study on 140 patients. Diagnosed patients of type 2 DM With duration more than 5 years, age between 35 to 60 years, HbA1c equal to or more than 6.0%, and diabetic patients which were on metformin and had vitamin D deficiency (level less than 30ng/ml) were included in the study. Results: Total 140 type 2 diabetic patients were taken in study. At baseline, in Group B, mean HbA1c ± SD was 7.92±1.54 while at 3 months intervention, in Group B, mean HbA1c ± SD was 7.18±1.53. No significant difference in HbA1c between Group A and B at baseline and after three months of intervention (P value = 0.46). The mean value of vitamin D before supplementation was 16.23±3.45 vs 28.96±5.25 after 3 months supplementation. There was a significant increase in 25 (OH) D levels after vitamin D supplementation after 3 months. (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D did not show any effect on blood sugar control in our patients with type 2 DM.
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