UMYUK) Nigeria, to analyze phytochemical properties and assess insecticidal effects of acetonic leaf extracts of Euphorbia balsamifera, Lawsonia inermis and Mitracarpus hirtus against Rhyzopertha dominica F. To analyze the phytochemicals of the test plants, preliminary tests were conducted to determine secondary metabolites while Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) was carried out to identify various active compounds present in the botanical extracts. Effects of the treatments on adult mortalities against R. dominica, adult emergence and grain weight losses were also determined. To determine percentage mortalities of R. dominica at 7 days after treatment (DAT), acetonic extracts of the botanicals at the concentrations of 6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, 100.00 mgml -1 and permethrin powder at 11.20 mg/20 g were applied to 20 g of sorghum grains in different plastic bottles. None of the extracts or permethrin powder was added to the control. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Findings of the study revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, phytesterols, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides in the botanical extracts. The plant extracts resulted in adult mortality of R. dominica which ranged from 16.67 to 63.33% within 7 days after treatment (DAT). No adult emergence was observed in all the treated grains. Also, grain weight losses of the treated sorghum varied from 3.92 to 6.63%. Acetonic extracts of the botanicals could therefore be utilized to reduce R. dominica infestations in stored sorghum.
Purpose Aquaponics combine aquaculture with crop production in a mutual system. In this experiment, the growth of Amaranthus in aquaponics with tilapia fish was investigated. Methods 500-liter water tanks containing tilapia fish at four initial stocking densities of 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/m 3 were used in triplicates, with a view to evaluate vegetable yields as influenced by fish biomass to water ratio. 1 g of Amaranthus seeds were sown in a 1 m 2 planting trough, which contained gravel with a top layer of sandy soil. The pots were flooded with water from fish holdings by an aquarium pump. Results The germination rate of Amaranthus was not significantly different across the experimental setup (P > 0.05). The growth rate of Amaranthus was significantly higher with increasing fish density (P < 0.05). The average lowest and highest of shoots dry biomass yield recorded were 0.36 and 1.95 g/plant at 8 weeks after of sowing, and this corresponds to fish stocking densities of 100 and 250 fish/m 3 , respectively. A high positive correlation was found between the shoot dry biomass of Amaranthus and fish stocking density. The survival of tilapia fingerlings was not significant different, while the production levels were 5.62, 4.77, 4.57, and 4.00 kg/m 2 in 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/m 3. Conclusions The growth of Amaranthus in this experiment demonstrated that the plant could effectively utilize the nitrogenous waste from fish tanks for biomass production, even at a higher concentration, while considerations for moderate fish density are only for fish health.
Abstract:This study designed to compare phytochemicals for both Nigerian and Egyptian henna using preliminary test for secondary metabolites, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) commonly called henna known for its cosmetic properties. The active ingredients in the leaves were extracted and fractionated using chloroform, ether, methanol, and ethyl-acetate. The resultant fractions primarily analyzed for secondary metabolites and secondarily. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, quinines, resins and sterols. The presence or absence of all the phytochemicals in these solvents was more or less similar between both samples. TLC profiling shows 9 bands of chemical compounds that are significantly similar in both samples. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of 8 functional in both samples and an additional of aliphaticiodo compound in Egyptian sample. Sixteen and seventeen compounds identified in Nigerian and Egyptian samples respectively by GCMS analysis. Lawsone (2-hydroxy 1, 2-naphtoquinone) is one out of 7 common chemical compounds identified in both samples. The common compound identified by TLC, FTIR, and GCMS were found to be significantly similar in both quantity and quality. Thus, the research confirmed henna to be an important source of phytochemicals of immense pharmaceutical significance.
Abstract:The study was carried out to identify the etiological agents causing ringworm, evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Lawsonia inermis L. In vitro study was carried out using agar dilution method. In a total of 50 clinical samples, 4 different species were identified namely; Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. However, the results showed that hexane extract exerted a strong antifungal activity against all the identified etiological agents, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 625µg/ml except Microsporum canis which resisted the minimum concentration but susceptible to the higher concentrations. The in vivo study was carried out using 15 naturally infected goats. First, second and third group of animals were treated with henna paste, aqueous and ethanolic extract respectively, fourth group were treated with clotrimazole as a positive control while negative control (fifth) group were left untreated with neither henna nor clotrimazole. The treatments were compared and the results showed that henna paste had the highest efficacy against all the types of ringworm tested compared to the remaining treatments. Disappearance of lesion and complete repair of the hair was observed at 30 days after treatment. Significantly similar result was observed in the group of animals treated with aqueous extract, ethanol extract, and clotrimazole in all the parameters. Significant different was only observed between groups treated and negative control.
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