Rejuvenation is the structural excitation of glassy materials, and is a promising approach for improving the macroscopic deformability of metallic glasses. This atomistic study proposes the application of compressive hydrostatic pressure during the glass-forming quenching process and demonstrates highly rejuvenated glass states that have not been attainable without the application of pressure. Surprisingly, the pressure-promoted rejuvenation process increases the characteristic short-and mediumrange order, even though it leads to a higher-energy glassy state. This 'local order'-'energy' relation is completely opposite to conventional thinking regarding the relation, suggesting the presence of a well-ordered high-pressure glass/high-energy glass phase. We also demonstrate that the rejuvenated glass made by the pressure-promoted rejuvenation exhibits greater plastic performance than as-quenched glass, and greater strength and stiffness than glass made without the application of pressure. It is thus possible to tune the mechanical properties of glass using the pressure-promoted rejuvenation technique.
To obtain enhanced incorporation of highly unsaturated fatty acids and recovery of glycerolipid products, organic solvents with high dielectric constants (water mimics) were substituted for part of the essential water for lipase activation to study their effect on acidolysis and transesterification. In acidolysis/transesterification of fish oil triglycerides and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Lipozyme IM‐60 with ethylene glycol as a water mimic enhanced the incorporation of EPA and suppressed the hydrolysis of synthesized glycerolipid. On the other hand, transesterification between soy phosphatidylcholine and EPA was enhanced by a water and propylene glycol combination. In a nonaqueous medium that contained appropriate amounts of water and organic solvents (water mimics), Lipozyme IM‐60 increased transesterification of EPA into soy phosphatidylcholine. Simultaneously, the recovered glycerolipid products showed decreased hydrolysis of newly synthesized EPA‐ and DHA‐containing glycerolipids.
We applied gigapascal-level compressive hydrostatic pressure to the melt-quenching process of metallic glass to obtain a unique high-pressure glass state with high density that is well-ordered yet has high energy. This state contradicts the common understanding that high-density, well-ordered metallic glass states have low energy. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the high-pressure glass state of the metallic glass Zr50Cu40Al10 has a rich anti-free volume and that its relaxation is dominated by the annihilation of full icosahedra and the rich anti-free volume. The aging rate of the high-pressure metallic glass state (energy reduction rate) is almost the same as that of typical high-energy metallic glass, suggesting that it has a lifetime similar to that of a typical high-energy metallic glass that has been experimentally realized and reported previously [Wakeda et al., Sci. Rep. 5, 10545 (2015)]. Thus, the high-pressure phase can be realized even under the experimental cooling rate, suggesting its suitability for practical applications.
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