The present study was done to understand the abundance and species diversity of arrow worms, zooplankton in relation with hydrographical parameters and the spatial and temporal variations for a period of 16 months from October 2020 to March 2022. Monthly sampling was carried out at selected stations of coastal waters with average depth of 8m. The qualitative analyses revealed the presence of seventeen different groups of zooplankton. copepods, cladocerans are dominant group in zooplankton followed by chaetognaths, during the study period seven species of chaetognaths recorded viz,Sagitta enflata, Sagitta robusta, Sagitta bedotii, Sagitta bipunctata, Sagitta ferox, Sagitta planktonis, andSagitta elegans. Among them,Sagitta enflatawas the dominant species followed byS.bedotiiandS. robusta. The richness, evenness and diversity of chaetognaths varied in the different stations and the maximum and minimum values also varied between stations, but in the most of the stations the minimum values were observed in the post-monsoon season and the highest values ranged between January to March. On comparison of the present abundance of chaetognaths with previous study, it was observed that the density of chaetognaths decreased compared to previous studies.
The knowledge of sediment texture is important in the studies of distribution of living and non-living resources, identification of source of sediments, sediment patterns and nutrients. It is known that the macro-benthos in the aquatic environment are influenced by the texture of the sediment in which they establish themselves and live. Sediment quality guidelines are important tool for assessment of contamination in marine and estuarine sediments with biological significance of intertidal beaches. The grain size characteristics of sediments from aggrading and receding in beaches have been analyzed by several investigators, only very limited research has been done on the relationship between the intertidal faunal abundance, distribution and the sediment grain size distributions from eroding and accreting beaches of Mangaluru. Sediment variations mainly affect the species distribution, pattern of diversity, breeding, survival and other activities. The present study was carried out to determine the grain size distribution and species abundance in coastal Waters of Someshwara, Panambur and Bengre beaches along the Mangaluru, south west coast of India. The sampling of coastal water and sediment was carried out from August 2016 to July 2017 along the Mangaluru coast was studied. Spatial and temporal variations of the grain size distribution like granules, coarse sand, fine sand, and very fine sand textural components like sand, silt, clay and organic carbon percentages analyzed and correlated with intertidal species distribution, abundance in the selected stations.
The phytoplankton distribution and biochemical composition concerning water quality parameters were studied in the coastal waters off Mangalore, Monthly sampling was carried out from October 2020 to May 2022 at selected stations of Netravathi-Gurupura estuary, latitude 12°50'38.56" N, longitude 74°50'0.23° to coastal waters off Padubidri latitude 13° 8'0. 57" N longitude 74°42'9.47° with an average depth of 8 meters. Spatiotemporally the phytoplankton, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biochemical composition showed a significant difference for the entire duration. During the present investigation, 35 different phytoplankton genera belonging to 3 groups were observed with complete domination from diatoms with 27 genera followed by Dinoflagellates 7 and blue-green algae. distribution and abundance of the phytoplankton were mainly Chaetoceros sp., Ceratium sp., Thallasiocera sp., Biddulphia sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Ditylum sp., Triceratium sp., Nitzschia sp. and blue-green algae under Chrysophyta, Bryophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta were observed, while in biochemical composition of phytoplankton, the carbon contributed to the highest percentage and hydrogen constitute to the lowest percentage. Crude protein and Lipid contents are maximum during post-monsoon and carbohydrates showed their highest content during pre-monsoon for phytoplankton. There is a direct relationship between the biochemical composition and the physiochemical and environmental conditions including nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates.
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