Background: Bonding to the tooth structure and fluoride release of the restoration are substantial factors to prevent the caries progression in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare micro tensile bond strength of four glass-containing materials with primary teeth dentin. Methods: In this in-vitro study, 16 extracted primary molar were prepared and disinfected with 0.2% thymol solution. The occlusal box was prepared until a thin enamel wall remained and the dentin exposed at the pulpal floor. This enamel wall played the matrix role for placing the restorative materials. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups and restored with resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), giomer, zirconomer and cention N. The teeth were mounted in acrylic mold and entered into a CNC cutting machine to provide specimens with a thickness of 1 × 1 mm. The tensile bond strength of the specimens was calculated by micro tensile measuring device. The failure of the samples (adhesive, cohesive, admix) was observed under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test. Results: There was a significant difference between zirconomer and other groups (P < 0.001), also between giomer and other groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the pattern of the failure among groups, except RMGI and cention N. Conclusions: The micro-tensile bond of the giomer was the strongest, cention N and RMGI were approximately of equal strength, and zirconomer showed the lowest tensile bond strength.
Background: Several methods including vibration have been proposed for pain control during a local anaesthetic injection. This study was aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence on vibration devices used to reduce injection pain perception in children. Methods: The search terms were chosen according to the Medical Subject Headings MeSH and non-MeSH. Potentially eligible studies involved the subjective or objective pain evaluation in children receiving any type of dental injection. An electronic search of published studies in English language was carried out in March 2020 on Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed databases.Of 1659 articles retrieved initially, 14 were eligible to be included in the systematic review, of which eight articles were excluded. The vibration devices used in the studies included Buzzy or DentalVibe. Four studies using Dentalvibe contributed to the meta-analysis. Results: The results of meta-analysis indicated a mean difference of 0.057 for FLACC pain scores between intervention and control conditions (P-value = 0.740). Wong-Baker Faces scores showed a mean difference of 0.009 (Pvalue = 0.964), which also showed no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Conclusions: The findings revealed that use of DentalVibe for Paediatric dental injections was not effective in reducing pain perception. However, use of Buzzy showed promising results.
Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive and multifactorial form of dental caries in children, in which the biomarkers of oxidative stress may increase. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in children with early childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free (CF) children. Methods: To this end, 42 ECC children and 42 CF children, aged 4 - 6 years, were randomly selected from the kindergartens of four socio-economically different districts of Isfahan. An unstimulated saliva sample was obtained from children fasting during the past night using the spitting method. In the laboratory, the MDA levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. An independent-samples t-test was used to examine the differences between the two groups. Results: The mean salivary MDA level was significantly higher in the ECC group than in the CF group (P = 0.01), and there was no significant relationship between salivary MDA and gender (P = 0.44 in the ECC group, P = 0.30 in the CF group). Moreover, no significant relationship was noticed between MDA with decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft). Conclusions: The findings documented a relationship between ECC and MDA as one of the products of oxidative stress reactions. Accordingly, the MDA level of saliva can be a critical indicator in determining the status of caries in children.
Context: Dental caries is a complication affecting the health of society, so it is vital to manage. Most children with early childhood caries (ECC) are believed to undergo anemia, altered physical growth patterns, and low weight. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children. Evidence Acquisition: The medical subject headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH were applied to choose the search terms. English language case-control studies assessing blood factors associated with IDA in children with and without dental caries were potentially eligible. Two independent researchers carried out an electronic search to retrieve studies published in the English language on Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in October 2020. Initially, 494 articles were obtained. Of them, 17 were eligible for inclusion, of which eight studies were eliminated. The meta-analysis was done using the comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 2, Biostat). The forest plots estimated the mean difference and depicted the results of the meta-analysis. The Egger's and Begg's tests assessed the publication bias. Results: A significant difference was observed in serum ferritin levels between the case and control groups, with a mean difference of -0.230 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.446 to -0.015; P value = 0.008). Blood hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels indicated significant mean differences of -0.991 (95% CI: -1.813 to -0.169) and -0.807 (95% CI: -1.336 to -0.279), respectively (P value < 0001). In the case group, all three blood parameters were significantly lower. Conclusions: Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and MCV levels are lower in children with dental caries than in caries-free children.
Background and Aim: Permanent first molars (PFMs) are highly susceptible to caries due to their special anatomical form, early eruption, lack of awareness about their eruption and misidentifying them from the primary teeth. Parental awareness about the existence of PFMs in their children's mouth could lead to caries prevention. This study aimed to determine the level of parental awareness about the presence of PFMs and its relation to DMFT index in 7-9-year-old children in Rasht. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 553 elementary school students in Rasht. Cluster random sampling was done. A checklist was filled out by the parents after obtaining their informed consent. Intraoral examination was performed by one specialist using a dental mirror, an explorer and a head light. Children's DMFT index of PFMs (DMFT6) was recorded. Data were entered into SPSS software version 21. Chi-square test, Cochran's test, sign test and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, only 151 parents (27.3%) knew about the PFMs' eruption time. DMFT6 was 0.48±0.84 in 7-9-year-olds. There was a significant correlation between DMFT6 and the frequency of consumption of sugary snacks (P=0.025) and toothbrushing (P=0.016). But the correlation between DMFT6 and parental knowledge (P=0.918), gender (P=0.44), father's educational level (P=0.103) and mother's educational level (P=0.145) was not significant. Conclusion: Considering the low level of awareness of parents, attention to early education, prevention and treatment is necessary.
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