BACKGROUND:The first step toward organizing research activities is to obtain a correct perception of available capabilities. This study was conducted to investigate the researchers’ views about barriers affecting research activities.METHODS:This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using the census method. The population consisted of the faculty members of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The research tool was a questionnaire in six areas of financial, facility, professional, scientific, personal, and organizational– managerial barriers. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Friedman test.RESULTS:Faculty members confirmed that although all barriers affected research activities, organizational–managerial barriers (3.73 ± 0.63) had the greatest and scientific barriers (3.15 ± 0.93) had the lowest effect, respectively. The results of Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between the mean values of factors related to various barriers affecting research activities from the viewpoint of the participants’ answers.CONCLUSIONS:Research activities are affected by numerous barriers. Strategies, such as empowering researchers, employing new technologies in the creation of research teams, and benefiting from research experts in various stages of research, may have a positive effect on the removal of the barriers.

Purpose This study aims to highlight the role of librarians as an essential element in medical research. For this purpose, the primary research process was divided into three phases: before, during and after. Then, the roles of librarians associated with each phase were separated and the viewpoint of researchers and librarians on the importance of these roles were considered and compared. Design/methodology/approach This comparative, descriptive-causal research was conducted using the census method. Birjand University, a type-2 university in the field of Medical Sciences according to the rating of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, was selected for the study. The participants were all faculty members and all librarians working in the university’s libraries. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by authors. Its validity was confirmed by four professors of Library Science, and questionnaire design expert and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, using descriptive statistics. Findings From the perspective of researchers, awareness-raising for open access resources, determination of standard subject keywords on the basis of Medical Subject Headings for articles and scientific texts and using scientific research findings as a basis for preventing duplicate studies in future research are the most important roles for librarians in the three stages of medical research. From the perspective of librarians, the use of knowledge management skills, searching scientific information as review of the literature and also selecting standard keywords to search the databases and providing health-care professionals with the findings of latest scientific research have the highest place in the different stages of the research lifecycle. Originality/value The difference between the viewpoints of librarians and researchers about the role of medical librarians at the various stages of the research lifecycle shows that there are significant gaps between the librarians’ services and users’ expectations. It is expected that through learning modern professional skills, medical librarians can assume new roles in medical research and make their capabilities known and available to researchers.

Stress is inevitable in competitive sports. Table tennis in the world known as a fastest ball game that requires attention and control stress. The main purpose of this study was investigation of physiological stress responses in elite table tennis players during competition. 16 female table tennis players (age average of 18.7 ± 3.8, height average of 161.6 ± 3.4 cm and weight average of 50.1 ± 4.2 kg) that participating in elective national team selected. During 8 competitive racing, salivary levels of Cortisol (C), testosterone (T) and Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) at rest, 60 and 30 minutes before and 60 and 30 minutes after racing were measured through saliva by enzymatic methods (ELISA). Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. The findings presented that Cortisol level in loser player was significantly increased than winner player (p<0.05); while there was no significant difference in testosterone and sIgA levels (p>0.05). Also significant difference in salivary testosterone, Cortisol and sIgA periods of 60 and 30 minutes before and after competition observed in the group of winners and losers than rest(p<0.05). Table tennis competition puts high stress on young players, that probably these indicators affect the performance table tennis players. Cortisol as an indicator of stress has an important effect on losers than winners.