Braking system in an automobile plays an important role to control the vehicle. Now a day's, high speed vehicles with advanced technologies are launching in to the market by varying different design procedures. Therefore, an effective braking system is always required for a vehicle to have proper safety and comfort to the user in varying environmental climatic conditions. Effectiveness of the braking system has to be considered in addition to aesthetic consideration of an automobile in order to avoid accidents. After, the gradual phasing out of asbestos as a friction material, due its wide spread complaints as a carcinogenic material by world health organization, people and industries are looking for suitable alternatives to replace asbestos friction material. In this work, an attempt is made to check the performance of the brake by altering the materials of the disc and pad of the braking system, which are supposed to be major components of the brake. The behavior of the disc brake pad assembly is studied under high speed dynamic loading conditions. The results are compared with the experimental results available in literature, and the best combination of materials for disc and pad is suggested for the design related to high speed dynamic conditions of the automobile.
The future of automotive industry is to design and develop electrical vehicles to control the emissions released from gaseous fuels and not to release any harmful gases in to atmosphere. In this work, an attempt was made to analyze the behavior of two wheeler E-bike with alternative materials of frame such as Aluminum alloy (Al-A), Titanium alloy (Ti-A), Grey cast iron (G-CI), Carbon fiber epoxy (CF-E), and Structural steel (ST-S) and compared with AISI-1020 material. The frame of Yamaha R15 is initially modeled by using solid work and imported to Ansys. Static analysis was performed by applying a load of 1500 N on the frame and Impact analysis was performed by applying velocity of 27.7 m/s along X direction. The values of equivalent von Mises stress and total deformation for all the materials are observed. After performing static analysis, it was observed that, CF-Epoxy material exhibited higher value of Equivalent von Mises stress (7.659*107 Pa) and lower total deformation of (0.304×10 -6 mm) compared to remaining materials. Based on impact analysis , it was observed that, CF-E exhibited better von Mises stress of (3994.9 MPa) closer to AISI 1020 and structural steel materials and total deformation is observed to be lower value (0.1106 mm) compared to remaining materials.
The mechanical properties of a friction material primarily depend on the interfacial adhesion between all the ingredients of a friction material. In this work, a new friction material is developed by combination carbon fiber (CF), polymer matrix and other ingredients. The surface of CF is chemically inert and hydrophobic in nature and does not possess good bonding property with resin. Therefore, an attempt is made to improve the bonding strength between all the ingredients of a friction material. CF surface is modified by three different surface treatment techniques to increase hydroxyl or carboxyl groups on the surface. First, surface oxidation treatment, Second nitric acid treatment and third grafting multi walled carbon nano tubes functionalized (MWCNT-F) on CF surface. CF content after surface modifications is varied in wt % and mixed with remaining ingredients. Friction composite sheets are fabricated by using hand layup method. The resulting materials are characterized by SEM, TGA and FTIR analysis. MWCNTs-F on CF surface is observed. Twelve composite sheets with varying content of CF and surface treatment method is fabricated. Sample specimens are cut from the friction composite sheets to evaluate tensile and flexural properties of friction material. The best surface treatment method and optimum ingredients are selected for the improvement of tensile and flexural properties of friction material.
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