Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during the last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in human health and disease. To evaluate elemental contents of some commonly used as health promoter and fever, 5 medicine herbs (stems) namely Guduchi, Vach, Mulahati, Joytishmati and Vidhara have been analyzed for four minor (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and eight trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometry. Their accuracy was measured by replicate analyses. In general, elemental contents were found in varying amounts with large range. It is observed that many of medicinal herbs are enriched in one or more elements. Since these elements are bioavailable in natural form, probably in combination with organic constituents, these are likely to be easily assimilated by human bodies. Besides them, two toxic elements Ni and Cd were also found in insignificant amounts as these are likely to have originated from environmental contamination
Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in human health and disease. To evaluate elemental contents of some commonly used to cure general weakness, 3 medicine herbs namely Beezband (seeds), Gok-shur (fruit) and Talmakhana (seeds) have been analyzed for four minor (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and eight trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometry. Their accuracy was measured by replicate analyses. In general, elemental contents were found in varying amounts with large range. It is observed that many of medicinal herbs are enriched in one or more elements. Since these elements are bioavailable in natural form, probably in combination with organic constituents, these are likely to be easily assimilated by human Bodies. Besides them, two toxic elements Ni and Cd were also found in insignificant amounts as these are likely to have originated from environmental contamination
Against the backdrop of the ever-changing Staphylococcal resistance pattern, clindamycin remains a viable therapeutic alternative Variation of Clindamycin drug resistance patterns with geographic area make inducible clindamycin resistance testing imperative for all staphylococcal isolates to avoid therapeutic failure. This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 1.5 years from January 2021 until June 2022. Prevalence of different MLSB Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was determined by standard disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Pyogenic samples received in the Microbiology lab that yielded Staphylococcus aureus were further tested for the presence of clindamycin resistance by disc diffusion method. Out of 6586 total pyogenic and respiratory specimens received in the lab, Staphylococcus aureus was yielded in 752 samples. On further testing for the MLSB phenotypes, 16.3% isolates were found to be iMLSB, 19.28% were cMLSB, 43.1% were of MSB type. ICR screening will reduce the unessential subjection of the patient to the antibiotic, and would prevent unnecessary adverse effects in the patients.
Objectives To evaluate agreement in the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance by test method using azithromycin disk with reference method using erythromycin disk and to determine prevalence of inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Materials and Methods A total of 133 nonduplicate isolates of S. aureus from clinical samples were included in this prospective study. Agreement between erythromycin (reference method) and azithromycin (test method) disks for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in S. aureus isolates was assessed. Statistical Analysis Chi-square test was used for analyzing categorical variables (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results The prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was 15.8%. A 100% agreement was recorded between reference and test methods for detecting inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes. For the determination of constitutive-resistant phenotypes (cMLSB) among S. aureus isolates, the test method demonstrated an agreement of 94.1%. Conclusion The present study demonstrated an agreement in the identification of inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes among S. aureus isolates by both erythromycin and azithromycin disks.
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