A total of 224 Bhil tribal individuals (115 males and 109 females) of different age groups inhabiting tribal rural areas of Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India were investigated for the prevalence of intestinal parasitic (protozoan and helminths) infections. Fresh stool samples of these tribal subjects were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline and 1 % Lugol's iodine and formaline ether concentration. Of these 116 (51.78 %) were found to be infected with diverse species of intestinal parasites. Male individuals showed relatively higher (56.52 %) prevalence of infection as compared to their counterparts (46.78 %). Out of 116 infected tribal subjects, 53 (23.66 %), 33 (14.73 %) and 30 (13.39 %) were infected with protozoan, helminths and mixed (protozoan ? helminths) parasitic infections, respectively. Maximum number of parasitic infections occurred in the age group of 6-10 years (69.23 %) in both sexes. Among the intestinal parasites, Entamoeba histolytica was the commonest (14.73 %) followed by Entamoeba coli (8.92 %), Taenia solium (5.35 %), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.46 %), Hymenolepis nana (2.23 %), Ancylostoma duodenale (0.89 %), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.89 %), Trichuris trichiura (0.44 %) and Hymenolepis diminuta (0.44 %). Data pertaining to distribution of parasite species in different age groups, and variation in prevalence of their infection in relation to age and sex were also analysed statistically and found to be significant. Possible causes for variation in prevalence of protozoan and helminthic infection are discussed.

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Prevalence estimates available for brain tumors reflect the portion of tumors that are malignant. Just as routine incidence statistics from cancer registries under represent the full spectrum of primary brain tumor cases. Prevalence rates are ideally suited to provide an overall estimate of cancer survivorship and direction for health planning.Methods: A total of 70 cases of CNS tumors were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Geetanjali Medical College & hospital, Udaipur from April 2014 to September 2016. The diagnoses in all the cases were made on histological examination of processed tissue.Results: In our study astrocytoma was the most common brain tumor (34.28%), followed by meningioma (32.85%). The third common tumor was oligodendroglioma (11. 42%). However, metastatic brain tumors were seen in only 5.55 % of cases in the present study.Conclusions: Males were at higher risk of developing CNS lesions in comparison to females. WHO Grade I lesions were more common in our institutional set up. Astrocytoma WHO grade IV lesions were more common in comparison to Grade I lesions, indicating need for imaging and neurology consultation at primary grass root level.

Background: An underlying inflammatory state is an important contributor to carcinogenesis and progression of tumors. Many of the etiological factors in development of lung cancer are linked to persistent inflammation. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers of systemic inflammatory response that have shown clinical significance in cancer, according to recent research. Objective: To evaluate NLR and PLR in lung cancer and compare these parameters in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Clinicopathological details and hematological parameters of complete blood counts were recorded for 106 patients of lung cancer and 106 healthy controls retrospectively. NLR and PLR values were evaluated and compared in the two groups. Results: NLR and PLR were significantly elevated in lung cancer patients (NLR 4.44±2.98; PLR 162.72±96.15) as compared to control group (NLR 1.90±0.67, PLR 115.15±29.15) with p value <0.05. NLR showed a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity 85.8% at optimal cut off value (2.5), as per Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. ROC curve analysis for PLR showed sensitivity 48.1% and specificity 87.8% at optimal cut off value (148.7). Conclusion: NLR and PLR are significantly raised in lung cancer. This reflects an underlying inflammatory state that may contribute to development and progression of neoplastic disease in lung. NLR a more sensitive than PLR and may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information in a country like India that bears a high load of lung cancer cases.