1988 թ. փետրվարի 27-29-ն ընկած ժամանակահատվածում Ադրբեջանական ԽՍՀ-ի Սումգայիթ քաղաքում հայ բնակչության նկատմամբ իրագործված զանգվածային ջարդերը (հայտնի է նաև որպես «Սումգայիթի պոգրոմ») ունեցել են խոր և տարաբնույթ հետևանքներ։ Միևնույն ժամանակ, պատմական, քաղաքական և իրավական հարթություններում հաճախ է քննարկվում Սումգայիթում հայերի ջարդերի դատապարտվածության աստիճանը։ Սումգայիթի ջարդերը մինչև օրս շարունակում են մնալ ադրբեջանական իշխանությունների ժխտողականության օբյեկտ, իսկ տեղի ունեցածի իրավական որակումներն ու դատապարտվածության աստիճանը հնարավոր չէ համարել ամբողջական։ Այդ ջարդերի վերաբերյալ պատմական տվյալները բավարար են՝ պնդելու համար, որ 1988 թ. Ադրբեջանի Սումգայիթ քաղաքում և այլ բնակավայրերում տեղի են ունեցել միջազգային քրեական իրավունքով դատապարտելի արարքներ։ Սումգայիթում հայերի դեմ տեղի ունեցած հանցագործությունները՝ իրենց օբյեկտիվ և սուբյեկտիվ կողմով համապատասխանում են ցեղասպանության հանցակազմի, ինչպես նաև մարդկայնության դեմ ուղղված հանցագործությունների տարրերին։
Anti-Armenian pogroms in Baku, the capital of the Azerbaijan SSR, have become systematic and widespread since January 13, 1990. The massacres of Armenians continued for a week, until January 19. The inaction (sometimes active participation) of law enforcement agencies during the massacres, the encouragement of pogroms by the authorities, the presence of organized groups of rioters in the city prove the organized nature of the Baku pogrom and that it was controlled from one center. The Baku pogrom had painful consequences, including mass murder, deportation, and economic (material) damage. There is enough historical data about the Baku pogrom to assert that international crimes against Armenians were committed in Baku in 1990.
There are a lot of testimonies, reports of international organisations, court evidence, investigative-judicial protocols as well as court verdicts on the massacres of the Armenian population in the city of Sumgait (Sumqayit) in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan, committed from February 27 to February 29 in 1988. The aforementioned documents and evidence allow us to comprehensively present the course of events. However, it should be highlighted that in political and, in some cases, scientific circles, these tragic events are sometimes viewed as mere hooliganism, a result of exclusively hooligan-motivated killings.
This work aims at revealing the premises of the mass violations’ policy in different periods of Azerbaijani statehood and the grounds which the Armenian pogroms were later carried out on. The objective of the work is to substantiate the consistent and continuous nature of the state-level policy of ethnic discrimination based on the study of separate episodes of such a policy pursued by the Azerbaijani authorities, regardless of the phase features of the Azerbaijani statehood formation and development. The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical analysis. Based on the results of the study, the 1988-1990 mass violations against Armenians in the Soviet Azerbaijan, which expressed themselves in the form of ethnic cleansing and genocidal manifestations, were not just reactive localized crimes, and consequently, the circle of those responsible for them could not have been limited to separate implementers. The violence against Armenians has been an extreme manifestation of a decades-long policy.
This article aims at analyzing the facts and data on the mass violence including the facts about the preparation phase of murders and tortures against Armenians in the city of Sumgait in Soviet Azerbaijan from February 27th to 29th, 1988. The objective of the work is to substantiate the organized and coordinated nature of the mass violence through the analysis of actions aimed at preparing for the Sumgait massacres. The work is written by a combined examination of facts, applying the principles of historical analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be asserted that in the period from February 27th to 29th, 1988, the persecution, murders, physical and psychological violence against Armenians in the city of Sumgait were thoroughly prepared. The massacres had organized nature. There is a lot of evidence proving that the actions of the slaughterers, the sowing of artificial hatred against Armenians, the systematic collection of data on the Armenian population of the city were planned and coordinated and the items used by criminals as weapons were prepared for that very purpose.
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