ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Es werden mehrere SynthesemiSglichkeiten fur die Herstellung von an Cellulose immobilisierten 8-Hydroxychinolin-und 8-Hydroxychinolin-5-sulfonsaure-Derivaten beschrieben, die zu einem Produkt mit einer Kapazitat von 500-800 pmol/g, hoher Austauschgeschwindigkeit und guter Stabilitat gegenuber dem Eluenten fiihren. Die scheinbare Komplexbildungskonstante der Oxincellulosen mit Zn2+ ist etwa 2 * 1 O5 mol-' dm3. SUMMARY:Some routes to synthetize covalently bound chelating groups as 8-hydroxyquinoline or 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid to cellulose are given. The products show a capacity of 500 -800 pmol/g, fast kinetics of exchange and good stability against the eluent. The apparent stability constant of the complexes with ZnZ+ are around 2 lo5 mol-' dm3.
Automated preconcentration techniques for off/on-line determination with ICP-OES have been developed for various metal ions of environmental interest. Preconcentration studies were performed on two different types of chemically bonded chelating ion-exchangers, namely EDTrA-cellulose (iminoacetate groups) and HSO 3 9 oxine-cellulose. Enrichment studies were carried out at various preconcentration factors and also at different loadings.Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy has been widely used in determination of trace elements in environmental samples. Although the method is very sensitive, it sometimes poses problems on direct determination at detection limits and also in presence of large amounts of interfering matrix constituents. Preconcentration techniques combined with ICP-OES either off-[1, 2] or on-line [-3, 4], are found to be useful in solving these complex analytical problems. These methods provide high enrichment factors and lower detection limits by selective extraction of metals of interest from the complex matrix. As the sample throughput with ICP-OES is fairly high for multi-element analysis, it therefore demands faster sample preparation procedures. Hence the need of an automated preconcentration apparatus is justified. It not only helps in reducing the time, but also the closed system for sample handling makes it contamination-free. Additionally, on coupling it directly to a simultaneous ICP-AE [3,4] or flame AA [-5, 6] spectrometer and integrating the transient elution peak, detection limits can be lowered by an order of magnitude. Also these on-line methods require lesser volumes for enrichment as compared to manual off-line ones.
Context: A beedi is a leaf rolled cigarette made of coarse uncured tobacco. Beedi rolling is a labour-intensive job and exposes the workers to tobacco dust for hours daily. Chronic exposure to unburnt tobacco and working continuously in improper postures makes them vulnerable to various health issues. Aim: To study the working conditions and health hazards among the beedi workers in Kannur district, Kerala Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study, using A validated close-ended questionnaire was conducted among 384 workers from ten primary units of a Co-operative Beedi Manufacturing society in Kannur district, Kerala from January 2020 to June 2020. Results:The median age of the workers was 53 years. Four-fth of the participants (78%) worked for eight hours a day and rolled 800 beedis per day on average. They were working in dusty environment and in improper postures. Almost 90% of the participants had some health issues, the common being problems related to eye (90%), musculoskeletal problems (87%), and respiratory problems (66%). Almost half of the participants had problems related to skin. Conclusions: Beedi rollers works in the dusty environment without proper protective wears and in the same posture continuously for hours which makes them vulnerable to various health issues. Conducting awareness programmes on risk reduction at the beedi manufacturing units by governmental or nongovernmental organizations might reduce the health problems related to the profession
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