Anomalous thermal expansion and its relation to magnetic properties are surveyed for various Invar alloys. Saturation magnetization was measured for alloy systems (Fe"Nh.-z)92MS, where M = Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, and V, and also for Fe70(RexPtl_x)ao at 4.2°K. Sharp drop of the sa!uratlOn moment oc:curs at the average electron concentration, N =8.13 to 8.52, for all the Invar alloys inc1udm~ the above-mentlO~ed alloy systems and N =8.21 to 8.52 for all the Fe-Ni base alloys. When, however, It was plotted agamst the electron concentration of the matrix surrounding less electropositive impurity atoms such as ~n, Cr, or V, all the alloy systems were found to exhibit a sharp drop of the moment i~ narrower ~o~~ent.ratlOn range ~f 8.48 to 8.60 for all the Fe-Ni base alloys. Saturation moment and a reversible sust:eptlblhty m.the saturatIOn range were also measured at room temperature for (110) [001] and (001) [110] rolled smgle crystals of the composition 29 at.% Ni-Fe. It was found that saturation moment was reduced from.79 to 72 emu/g, and the reversible susceptibility increased from 4.0 to 4.6X10-4 emu/g by 70~ reductIOn of the thlckn~ss. The mechanism was discussed in relation to the well-known effect of cold rollmg on the thermal expansIOn coefficient of Invar.
SUMMARYThe 1995 Kobe earthquake caused unprecedented damage to buildings and civil infrastructures in the city of Kobe and its surrounding areas. In order to evaluate the structural damage in this area due to the earthquake, it is important to estimate the distribution of earthquake ground motion. However, since the number of strong ground motion records is not enough in the heavily damaged areas, it is necessary to estimate the distribution using other data sources. In this paper, the fragility curves for low-rise residential buildings were constructed using the recorded motions and the building damage data from the intensive ÿeld survey by the AIJ and CPIJ group. The fragility curves obtained were then employed to estimate the strong motion distribution in the district level for Kobe and the surrounding areas during the earthquake. The results may be useful to investigate the various damages caused by the earthquake.
In this paper, we give a refinement of a generalized Dedekind's theorem, which is a generalization of Laquer's theorem. In addition, we show that all possible values of an integer group determinant are also possible values of the integer group determinant of any its abelian subgroup.
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