No abstract

In this study, we analysed the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing between succeeding chambers of the gaudryceratid ammonoid, Gaudryceras tenuiliratum, which were collected in the Tomamae and Mikasa areas of Hokkaido, Japan. The ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing in G. tenuiliratum demonstrate a general trend: two cycles of increasing to decreasing septal spacing until about the 30th septum, gradually decreasing septal spacing until about the 70th septum, and then gradually increasing septal spacing at least until about the 110th septum. The ontogenetic trajectories of the whorl expansion rate (WER) in our specimens also demonstrated that a decreasing trend changed into an increasing trend at a conch diameter of c. 5-7 mm. This conch diameter corresponds to the end of the second cycle of increasing to decreasing septal spacing occurring before about the 30th septum, at which point G. tenuiliratum possibly transitioned from planktic to nektobenthic habits. No significant differences were detected in the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing and conch shape between the two areas, which implies that the ontogenetic trajectory patterns of septal spacing in the Late Cretaceous ammonoids were taxonomydependent rather than environment-dependent, although this should be further examined with G. tenuiliratum collected from areas outside of Hokkaido.

No abstract

Although cases of gastrointestinal toxicity of pembrolizumab have been reported, cases of acute immunemediated colitis accompanied with metachronous esophageal disorders (esophagitis and ulcer) are rare. We herein report a case of acute colitis and metachronous esophageal ulcers due to an immune-related adverse event following concomitant pembrolizumab chemotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, there have so far been no reports of cases in which both acute immune-mediated colitis and metachronous esophageal ulcers developed. We therefore report the details of this case along with a review of the pertinent literature.