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Highlights 472 COVID-19 cases and 70 deaths per 100,000 UK population as of 12th Aug 2020. Majority of deaths from COVID-19 were amongst people aged ≥60 years. COVID-19 mortality was higher in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups. Emergency department attendance and patient referrals have declined. Emergency ambulance and non-urgent (NHS111) calls have increased.

Highlights The four countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic at an early stage and managed to mitigate the shock and protect their health systems. Several key lessons can be learned from the COVID-19 management of the four countries; lessons could be useful to other countries and also in the event of a second wave. The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is ostensible; the economic mitigation policies should be assessed in the long-term.

We explore the effects of the quantity of information on the tendency to contribute to crowdfunding campaigns. Using the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter, we analyze the campaign descriptions and the performance of over 70,000 projects. We look empirically at the effect of information quantity (word count) on funding success (as measure by amount raised and number of backers). Within this empirical approach, we test whether an excessive amount of information will affect funding success. To do so, we test for the non-linearity (quadratic) effect of our independent variable (word count) using regression analysis. Consistent with the hypothesis that excess information will negatively affect funds raised and number of contributors, we observe a consistent U-shaped relationship between campaign text length and overall success which suggest that an optimal number of words exists within crowdfunding texts and that going over this point will reduce a project’s chance of fundraising success.

Highlights Australian government COVID-19 pandemic policy response impacts GDP, unemployment Government policymaker guide for holistic, robust solutions to health emergencies Australian Economic Pandemic Response Plan: effective fiscal and monetary policy Healthcare system demand and supply shocks PPE, ICU bed capacity, surgery, PHI Epidemiological and econometric modelling disease transmission and risky behaviour

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