Japan promotes research related to intractable diseases and financially supports patients with these diseases. Intractable diseases are designated as those that fulfill the following criteria: (1) rarity (affecting less than 0.1% of the population in Japan), (2) unknown etiology, (3) lack of effective treatment, (4) necessity of long-term treatment, and (5) existence of objective diagnostic criteria and not necessarily equal to rare diseases in other countries. The construction of a national database is required to promote research to clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases and to develop pharmaceutical products and medical devices. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare launched an online registration system in 2001, but many problems associated with gathering and utilizing information on patients with intractable diseases remain. In this paper, we describe the present status of the national registry of designated intractable diseases in Japan and discuss future prospects.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Japanese Infant Mental Health Program (JIMHP) for preterm mother-infant dyads until the infants reached 12 months of corrected age. Mothers in the JIMHP group (n = 26) received one hospital visit in addition to standard care in the Growing Care Unit (GCU) and five home visits based on the principles of infant mental health (IMH) after discharge from the hospital, until the infant reached 12 months of corrected age. In contrast, mothers in the control program group (n = 40) received standard care in the GCU and three conventional home visits during the same period. The dyads were then compared across groups, revealing that the JIMHP dyads showed less maternal depressive symptoms, better maternal interaction, increased social support by medical workers and healthcare professionals, a high persistence rate for attending the program, and a more positive perception toward the program (p < .05). However, there were no significant differences in the impact of parenting stress or in child development. These results are discussed in terms of their significance and the practical/clinical availability of IMH principles and the JIMHP as a new support model for preterm infants in Japan.
The Great East Japan Earthquake (the Tohoku Earthquake) was one of the most devastating natural disasters ever to hit Japan, and its social impact was so enormous that Japan may never be the same again. This was an unprecedented triple disaster: an earthquake followed by a devastating tsunami and, finally, the destruction of a major nuclear power plant with the leaking of large amounts of radiation. The destruction occurred despite the presence of a 10-m protection wall and the effects of the tsunami were seen as high as 40 m above sea level. About 78,000 residents from areas within a 20-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated together with another 10,000 residents from areas with elevated levels of radiation. In the afflicted area, 30% of the population was older than 60 years of age, but more than 60% of the deaths were in this age cohort. Children and adolescents younger than 19 years accounted for 6.5% of the deaths, and there were 229 survivors younger than 18 years who lost both their parents in the disaster and 1295 who lost one of their parents. The long-term psychological effects on children and adolescents remain uncertain.
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Objectives: The purpose of our study is to assess the frequency related to Diseases of the nervous system within out-patient care and determine the total health care expenses of them in Hungary in 2009. METHODS: CONCLUSIONS: MethOds: Data were derived from the nationwidewide database of Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Administration (NHIFA), based on official reports of outpatient care institutes. The 151 different types of treatment codes are listed in the chapter of the Guidelines of NHIFA for `Physiotherapists, massage-therapists, conductors and other physiotherapy practices`. The diseases of the nervous system are listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) with code of G00-G99. Results: Diseases of the nervous system account for 1.331.675 cases in the annual number of the physiotherapy-related activities (32318413 cases) showing an approximately 4,12% prevalence. The following top-10 medical procedure were responsible for 48.48% (645562) of total activities: individual training (7.79 %), passive motion therapy on multiple limbs (6.24%),selective nerve stimulation therapy (5.89%), muscle strengthening exercise (5.82%), training for circulation improvement (4.6%), parts of the body per individual physiotherapy (4.19%), ergotherapy (3.78%), exercise to prevention of cardiovascular complications (3.68%), Hand massage (3.53%), electrotherapy -facial nerve (2.96%). The total financial cost of all of the physiotherapeutic treatments provided in diseases of the nervous system was 388 million Hungarian Forint (1.25 million Euro) health insurance subsidy in 2009. cOnclusiOns: The 20 most frequent treatments accounts for 71.72 % (955073) of total services. The passive procedures are more common than the active in the 20 most commonly used activities list. Our results could be extremely useful for economic evaluation of the health care system and in the financial planning of the treatments of the studied diseases of the nervous system.Objectives: A wide body of literature suggest in vivo neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing properties of Sesamol. This study was aimed to elucidate the protective effect of sesamol in experimental model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). MethOds: Firstly, Sesamol was tested for its antidepressant potential in mouse models using forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Later, Sesamol was examined in mouse model of chronic stress fatigue induced by chronic forced swimming for 15 days. Brain biochemical [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels) and plasma cytokines [tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] levels were assessed to correlate the possible mechanism of action associated with fatigue symptoms. Further, adrenal ascorbic acid measurement was done to correlate corticosterone levels. Results: Mice administered with sesamol showed significant decrease in immobility time in acute FST and TST. Sesamol significantly attenuated ...
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