Whereas both leaflets tethering is related to preoperative ischemic MR, both leaflets tethering but with predominant contribution from augmented and progressive PML tethering is related to recurrent/persistent ischemic/functional MR late after surgical annuloplasty.

This study demonstrates with a regional flora that fern gametophytes do not always co-occur with sporophytes of the same species. In particular, noncordiform gametophytes tended to occur independently of conspecific sporophytes. This pattern may be due to the capability for indeterminate growth and vegetative reproduction by gemmae in noncordiform gametophytes.

Papillary muscle dysfunction, reducing its longitudinal contraction to induce leaflet tethering, attenuates ischemic MR in patients with basal inferior LV remodeling.

A 26-year-old woman with intermittent fever was admitted to our hospital, and gradually developed facial edema. Examinations including computed tomography, transesophageal echocardiography, digital subtraction angiography, and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy revealed intracardiac thrombus, superior vena cava syndrome, and pulmonary embolism. Clinical findings and laboratory data led us to make a diagnosis of Behçet's disease. Combination of intracardiac thrombus, superior vena cava syndrome, and pulmonary embolism are rare complications in Behçet's disease. Behçet's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracardiac mass of the right heart, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the management of Behçet's disease especially with large-vessel manifestations. In addition to a case report, we review the literature and report the characteristics of intracardiac thrombus in Behçet's disease.

The intercalation of europium ions (Eu3+) into the interlayer space of a layered silicate, magadiite, was conducted by ion-exchange reactions between magadiite and europium(III) chloride. X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis results indicated that Eu3+ cations were intercalated into the interlayer space of magadiite. The ion exchange between Eu3+ and Na+ occurred preferentially so that the adsorbed Eu3+ amounts were controlled quantitatively. Thermal transformation of the original layered structure was suppressed by the intercalation of Eu3+. The resulting intercalation compounds exhibited photoluminescence arising from the intercalated Eu3+. The luminescence intensity varied in accordance with the amount of Eu3+ absorbed, suggesting that the self-quenching occurred at higher loading levels. The luminescence intensity was also changed by the heat treatment, corresponding to the change in the surroundings of the Eu3+ adsorbed, induced by the removal of the adsorbed water molecules and the hydroxyl groups of the silicate.

Our results revealed that the major differences between ADD and DHF were global and longitudinal LV systolic dysfunction and LV enlargement. This study suggests that LV systolic dysfunction plays an important role in the development of DHF.

Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE) has been working to protect medical staff involved in echocardiographic examinations and to prevent secondary infections caused by the examinations since mid-March 2020. This review aims to describe the footprint of the JSE's responses, focusing on the 3 months in which the initial outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic occurred in Japan. We summarized the six parts as follows: (1) the initial actions for COVID-19 of JSE, (2) JSE's actions for infection control-associated echocardiographic examinations, (3) statements from the American Society of Echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic and their Japanese translation by JSE, (4) making videos for explaining the practice of echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic, (5) attempts with the JSE members' opinions by the communication platform and surveys, and (6) efforts of final statement during the initial spread of COVID-19. We look forward that this review will help daily practices associated with echocardiography under the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future event of an unknown infectious disease pandemic.

Fabry disease resulting from a deficiency of α-galactosidase A leads to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in various organs. Because the disease is an X-linked recessive disorder, males tend to develop more symptoms and more severe symptoms than females. There are also some variants of Fabry disease, and cardiac variant (cardiac Fabry disease) has the dysfunctions only in heart. Cardiac manifestations in Fabry disease are initially symmetrical and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, and later progressive cardiac dysfunction with localized thinning of the basal posterior wall. In recent years, enzyme replacement therapy has been performed as a treatment for Fabry disease, and the initiation of this therapy is expected before the cardiac fibrosis develops. Therefore, early diagnosis of Fabry disease is essential, and echocardiography is an indispensable tool for clinical practice of this disease. Then, it is necessary to remember this disease as a differential diagnosis when encountering unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy.