All-solid-state batteries incorporating lithium metal anode have the potential to address the energy density issues of conventional lithium-ion batteries that use flammable organic liquid electrolytes and low-capacity carbonaceous anodes. However, they suffer from high lithium ion transfer resistance, mainly due to the instability of the solid electrolytes against lithium metal, limiting their use in practical cells. Here, we report a complex hydride lithium superionic conductor, 0.7Li(CB 9 H 10 )–0.3Li(CB 11 H 12 ), with excellent stability against lithium metal and a high conductivity of 6.7 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 25 °C. This complex hydride exhibits stable lithium plating/stripping reaction with negligible interfacial resistance (<1 Ω cm 2 ) at 0.2 mA cm −2 , enabling all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries with high energy density (>2500 Wh kg −1 ) at a high current density of 5016 mA g −1 . The present study opens up an unexplored research area in the field of solid electrolyte materials, contributing to the development of high-energy-density batteries.

closo-type complex hydrides contain large cage-type complex polyanions in their crystal structures and thus can exhibit superior ion-conducting properties (e.g., Li and Na). However, the unique structures of complex polyanions have made it challenging to modify crystal structures, making systematic control of ion conductivity difficult. Here, we report an atom deficiency approach to enhance lithium-ion conductivity of complex hydrides. We find that lithium and hydrogen could be simultaneously extracted from Li2B12H12 by applying a small external energy, enabling the formation of atom deficiencies. These atom deficiencies lead to an increase in carrier concentration, improving lithium-ion conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude compared to that of a pristine material. An all-solid-state TiS2/Li battery employing atom-deficient Li2B12H12 as a solid electrolyte exhibits superior battery performance during repeated discharge–charge cycles. The current study suggests that the atom deficiency can be a useful strategy to develop high ion-conducting complex hydride solid electrolytes.

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In this study, we synthesised the Ni/single-walled carbon nanotube prepared by the super-growth method (SG-SWCNTs). In this approach, the Ni nanoparticles were immobilised by an impregnation method using the SG-SWCNTs with high specific surface areas (1144 m2 g−1). The scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that the SG-SWCNTs exhibit the fibriform morphology corresponding to the carbon nanotubes. In addition, component analysis of the obtained samples clarified that the Ni nanoparticles were immobilised on the surface of the SG-SWCNTs. Next, we evaluated the activity for the reduction of 4-nitoropenol in the presence of the Ni/SG-SWCNTs. Additionally, the Ni/graphene, which was obtained by the same synthetic method, was utilised in this reaction. The rate of reaction activity of the Ni/SG-SWCNTs finished faster than that of the Ni/GPs. From this result, the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant k for the Ni/SG-SWCNTs and the Ni/GPs was calculated respectively at 0.083 and 0.070 min−1, indicating that the Ni/SG-SWCNTs exhibits higher activity.