Nestin, is a class VI intermediate filament (IF) that is expressed in 30% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pDaC) cases, and its expression in pDaC positively correlates with peripancreatic invasion. an expression vector carrying a short hairpin RNa (shRNa) targeting nestin was stably transfected into paNC-1 and pK-45h human pancreatic cancer cells, which express high nestin levels. alterations in morphology and alignment of actin filaments and α-tubulin were examined by phase-contrast and immunocytochemistry. effects on cell growth, migration in scratch and Boyden chamber assays, invasion, cell adhesion, and in vivo growth were determined. Differences in mRNa levels were examined by arrays. Nestin shRNa-transfected cells exhibited decreased nestin expression, a sheet-like appearance with tight cellcell adhesion, increased expression of filamentous F-actin and e-cadherin, and attenuated migration and invasion, both of which were enhanced following nestin re-expression. expression of α-tubulin, and in vitro cell growth and adhesion were not altered by nestin downregulation, whereas hepatic metastases were decreased. Thus, nestin plays important roles in pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis by selectively modulating the expression of actin and cell adhesion molecules, and may therefore be a novel therapeutic target in pDaC.

For the study of reactions in High Energy Physics (HEP) automatic computation systems have been developed and are widely used nowadays. GRACE is one of such systems and it has achieved much success in analyzing experimental data. Since we deal with the cross section whose value can be given by calculating hundreds of Feynman diagrams, we manage the large scale calculation, so that effective symbolic manipulation, the treat of singularity in the numerical integration are required. The talk will describe the software design of GRACE system and computational techniques in the GRACE. §1. IntroductionHigh energy experimental physics has produced excellent results thanks to the progress of the detectors and the development of the high energy accelerators with high luminosity. Accordingly, the accurate theoretical computation is required to compare experimental results with theoretical predictions. On the other hand, as the beam energy becomes higher, there appear the physics processes with many final state particles. As a matter of course the number of relevant Feynman diagrams becomes huge. This means that Feynman amplitude calculation is practically impossible when one calculates cross sections by hands.Since the perturbative calculation in quantum field theory is well-defined, it can be realized as an automatic computation system. There appeared several systems, for instance, CompHEP 1) and FeynArt/FeynCalc 2) , in HEP and nowadays the automatic computation of Feynman amplitudes becomes common.We have developed an automatic computation system named GRACE. 3) In section 2, we describe the feature of GRACE system as a concrete example of such system. In section 3, several physical achievements by GRACE are briefly explained. In section 4, we discuss the techniques in GRACE from the view point of computing.

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and KGF receptor (KGFR) have been implicated in cancer growth as well as tissue development and repair. In this study, we examined whether KGF and KGFR have a role in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). KGFR mRNA was expressed in eight pancreatic cancer cell lines, whereas the KGF mRNA was detected in seven of the cell lines and was absent in MIA PaCa-2 cells. KGFR and KGF immunoreactivity were localized in the cancer cells in 41.5 and 34.0% of patients, respectively. There was a significant correlation between KGFR or KGF immunoreactivity and venous invasion and a significant correlation between the presence of both markers and venous invasion, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression, and poor prognosis. Exogenous KGF increased VEGF-A expression and release in MIA PaCa-2 cells, and PANC-1 cells stably transfected to overexpress KGF-exhibited increased VEGF-A expression. Moreover, short hairpin-KGFR transfection in MIA PaCa-2 cells reduced the stimulatory effect of exogenous KGF on VEGF-A expression. Short hairpin-KGF transfection in KLM-1 cells reduced VEGF-A expression in the cells. KGFR and KGF may act to promote venous invasion and tumor angiogenesis in PDAC, raising the possibility that they may serve as novel therapeutic targets in anti-angiogenic strategies in PDAC.

Radiative corrections necessary for high energy e+ e-colliding beam experiments are reviewed. They are considered in an on-shell renormalization scheme of the standard SU(2) X U(l) theory. Comparisons of the adopted scheme with other various schemes are given. The corrections are obtained by both calculating one-loop virtual corrections in the full electroweak theory and by taking into account realistic experimental cuts on the hard photon emission cross section. The reviewed processes are the lepton pair production, i.e., f..l.+ f..l.--, r+r--and e+e--pair production, rr production, the neutrino counting reaction, the hadron production, i.e., light-and heavy-quark pair production and the hadron production through narrow resonance. Higher order QED corrections are also applied to the zo line shape and the narrow resonance production.

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