Seismic observation on piled raft foundation subjected to unsymmetrical earth pressure was performed since after the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Accelerations of building, dynamic sectional forces of piles and dynamic earth pressures on both sides of an embedded foundation and beneath a raft were observed at 235 seismic events including an earthquake magnitude of Me7.1. The maximum acceleration of 32.2 cm/s 2 was observed on building foundation. Based on the seismic record, it is confirmed that a lateral inertial force of the building is related to shear forces and bending moments of piles, and lateral resistant force beneath the raft. It was also found that lateral load sharing ratio of piles was estimated about 10 to 20 % of the inertial force of building from observed record. The load sharing ratio between piles and raft and bending moments of pile could be approximately explained by simplified theoretical equations.
Moisture absorption and TbCl3 doping to CsPbBr3 thin films were investigated to improve the carrier transport properties. We found that post-deposition moisture-absorbing treatment improve the carrier diffusion length of CsPbBr3 thin films. The moisture-absorbing treatments at relative humidity about 20-40% was effective to improve the carrier diffusion lengthy. TbCl3 doping during the thermal evaporation of CsPbBr3 affected structure of the deposited films. Excessive amount of TbCl3 doping leads to form CsPb2Br5 additional phase, but a small amount of TbCl3 doping (1%) can improve the carrier diffusion length. The moisture-absorbing treatment and TbCl3 doping are promising technique to improve the optoelectronic properties of CsPbBr3.
Nanocrystalline gallium nitride (nc-GaN) layers were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering for the electron transport layer of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) photovoltaic power converter. We investigated the structural and electrical properties of the nc-GaN layers and found that substrate heater temperature is a key factor to determine the electrical conductivity of the nc-GaN layers. CsPbBr3 photovoltaic power converters with nc-GaN electron transport layers shows good photovoltaic performance. The best performance was obtained at the substrate heater temperature of 550 °C and a conversion efficiency of 5.56% (Voc=1.24 V, Jsc= 6.68 mA/cm2, FF=0.66) under AM1.5 illumination with a light intensity of 100 mW/cm2. The estimated conversion efficiency under blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm is 28.8%.
<p>Tokyo’s Suitengu is a traditional Japanese shrine located in the urban area that is often visited by people praying for safe delivery in childbirth. There are two structural features which provide both quakeproof and high fire-resistance required in the urban area. Its main structural features are the integral base isolation system for several buildings of different sizes and the application of base isolation to the low-story section that extends throughout the entire shrine precincts. The second feature is main shrine buildings constructed with a traditional wooden visible interior and exterior and an inner structure of reinforced concrete that ensures both earthquake safety and fire- resistance. These features are useful to rebuilding the traditional buildings which is often seen in the developing world in rapid urbanization area which requires high safety of buildings.</p>
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