We examined the effects of the long-term ingestion of dietary diacylglycerols (DG) in a double-blind controlled study of human lipid metabolism. Healthy men (n = 38; aged from 27 to 49 y, body mass index (BMI) ranging from 21.8 to 27.4 kg/m(2)) completed the study. To accustom the subjects to the test diets prior to the experiment, they were supplied with test diets of triacylglycerol (TG) oil for 4 wk (control period). The test oils (10 g/d) were included in bread, mayonnaise or shortbread and served for the breakfast. The target for total lipid intake was 50 g/d (15 g for breakfast, 15 g for lunch and 20 g for dinner) throughout the study. The subjects were then divided into two groups so that mean BMI and the hepatic fat content, determined by computed tomography, for each group were not different. One group (DG group) consumed test meals containing DG-rich oil (10 g/d) while the other group (TG group) consumed the same meal as during the control period. Ten grams of the DG-rich oil contained 5.5 g 1,3-DG, 2.5 g 1,2-DG and 2 g TG. The actual lipid intake during the study was 43 g/d. Body weight, BMI and waist circumference decreased in both groups at the end of the test period of 16 wk. However, the magnitudes of decreases in these variables were significantly greater in the DG group than in the TG group. Decreases of total fat, visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area of the abdominal traverse images of computed tomography in the DG group were also significantly greater than those in the TG group. Hepatic fat content decreased significantly in the DG group while no change was observed in the TG group. Serum lipid concentrations (TG, total cholesterol, free fatty acid) and related metabolites (glucose, insulin, total ketone body) did not change significantly in either group. Thus, in contrast to TG, DG apparently suppressed accumulation of fat and possibly reduces the risk of diseases associated with visceral fat obesity.

The temporal behaviour of electron swarm transport in an RF field has been investigated for the electron non-conservative case in CH4, H2 and their mixture by using the first three terms in Legendre polynomials with a fourier expansion in time for the electron velocity distribution from the time-dependent Boltzmann equation. Calculations have been made for reduced RMS electric fields ER/N in the range 15 to 70 Td and reduced angular frequencies omega /N in the range 105/N0 to 1010/N0 cm2 s-1, where N0 is the number density at 1 Torr and 273 K. The temporal modulation of the isotropic part of the velocity distribution is essentially determined by the ratio between omega -1 and an energy relaxation time tau e. It is shown that in molecular gases with rotational and vibrational collisions at very low energy, the asymptotic form of the energy distribution at very high frequency field differs from a Maxwellian as in atomic gases. The phenomenon of negative differential conductivity in CH4 has been studied as a parameter of omega /N. The gas mixture effect in an RF field is also discussed.

Treatment of 1,6-dienes and enynes with FeCl(3) or Fe(Pc) in the presence of NaBH(4) and air or O(2) causes radical cyclization to give five-membered carbo or heterocyclic compounds, into which a halogen atom or hydroxyl group was introduced.

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Note: Statistical errors estimation for Thomson scattering diagnostics Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 096106 (2012) Imaging spectroscopy diagnosis of internal electron temperature and density distributions of plasma cloud surrounding hydrogen pellet in the Large Helical Device Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 093506 (2012) Temporally resolved characterization of shock-heated foam target with Al absorption spectroscopy for fast electron transport study Phys. Plasmas 19, 092705 (2012) Synchronized operation by field programmable gate array based signal controller for the Thomson scattering diagnostic system in KSTAR Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 093505 (2012) Additional information on Phys. Plasmas Dynamics of laser filaments in strong nonuniform electric fields is studied with high temporal and spatial resolution. Considerable reduction of the breakdown potential is found and is attributed to a filament-induced leader. Two breakdown modes, fast and slow, are found in 0.4 MV positive dc-voltage discharges activated by filaments that are induced by 65 fs, 170 mJ laser pulses. In the fast mode with duration order of a few microseconds, the filament may acquire the electrode potential and temporarily maintain it, becoming a leader. This gives rise to an average electric field over the attachment instability threshold between a leader head and cathode. Ionization waves precede the breakdown with maximal voltage reduction up to 40% for this mode. The slow mode with its duration order of 1 ms appears with a considerably smaller voltage reduction when the leader decays before the secondary streamer; the breakdown delay depends on negative and positive ion mobilities in this case.