Recent rodent studies have shown that nanoparticles are distributed to breast milk, and more-detailed safety information regarding nanoparticle consumption by lactating mothers is required. Here, we used mice to investigate the safety of nanoparticle use during lactation. When Ag and Au nanoparticles were intravenously administered to lactating mice, the nanoparticles were distributed to breast milk without producing apparent damage to the mammary gland, and the amount of Ag nanoparticles distributed to breast milk increased with decreasing particle size. Orally administered Ag nanoparticles were also distributed to breast milk and subsequently to the brains of breast-fed pups. Ten-nanometer Ag nanoparticles were retained longer in the pups' brains than in their livers and lungs. Nevertheless, no significant behavioral changes were observed in offspring breast-fed by dams that had received orally administered 10 nm Ag nanoparticles. These data provide basic information for evaluating the safety of nanoparticle use during lactation.
Key words:hypoglycemia, disturbance of consciousness, adrenal insufficiency, hemodialysis, dementia 〈Abstract〉 In Japan, hemodialysis patients have been increasing. Both the age of patients starting hemodialysis and that of patients receiving hemodialysis have become older than ever. Consequently, the number of hemodialysis patients with dementia has been growing. Cerebrovascular disease(CVD)is more common in hemodialysis patients than in non-hemodialysis patients. The prevalence of dementia in hemodialysis patients with CVD is also higher than without CVD. This factor also contributes to the high prevalence of dementia in hemodialysis patients. In addition, patients are often medically sedated for their symptoms. It is often difficult to perceive the change in the consciousness level of hemodialysis patients. Here, we report a non-diabetic hemodialysis patient who suffered from dementia due to CVD, and was diagnosed with primary adrenal insufficiency, indicated by hypoglycemic coma. In the case of comatose hemodialysis patients, therefore, we should consider hypoglycemia as one of the causes of coma regardless of diabetes.
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