Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci that can cause foodborne illness which can be transmitted by chicken meat, both raw and undercooked; consumption of which may cause infection and/or toxicity in consumers. This current study was conducted for the detection of the prevalence of S. aureus in three types of poultry samples which included chicken meat, chicken eggs and droppings. Samples were aseptically collected from different rural and urban areas of 8 districts of Bangladesh in triplicate collection method which was conducted in the Centre for Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to detect the Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Isolation was done by using 7.5% Sodium Chloride broth for enrichment and Mannitol salt agar after enriching samples in Buffer Peptone water. Antibiogram was done by using Kirby Bauer Method on Muller Hinton agar. The current study revealed 68% (17/25), 84% (21/25) and 52% (13/25) of S. aureus in chicken meat, eggs and dropping, respectively. Around 75.47% isolates (40/53) showed 100% similarity with S. aureus from the generated Dendrogram based on biochemical data. Cefixime (62.67%) showed the highest sensitivity against all of the isolates while Penicillin (86.62%) exhibited the highest resistance. Moreover, 59.62% of isolates were resistant to 5 or more drugs (Multidrug-Resistant). Poultry products such as meat and eggs were contaminated with drug-resistant S. aureus which can cause serious health effect to the consumer. The drug-resistant pathogen in droppings helps to indicate the spread of drug-resistant isolates in the environment. Therefore, proper sanitation measures should be taken to ensure the quality of the products during slaughtering, collecting eggs or disposing of poultry litter.

Fruits are highly nutritious, sources of vitamins, minerals, fibers etc. and these are part of our daily diet. However, during cultivation, harvesting, transportation, handling fruits get contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms which leads to severe problems to community. Owning to this point, in current research, bacteriological analysis was performed on Sofeda, Pineapple, Grape, Banana, Apple, Orange, Guava, papaya, Jujube and Starfruit. Total 50 samples were randomly collected from market and street vendors of Dhaka city. Higher numbers of rotten fruits were present in wholesale markets. 35 strains were isolated which included Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylocoous aureus and E. coli. They were identified using biochemical test and antibiogram for selective isolates. In case of drug resistance of isolates, majority exhibited resistance against Erythromycin, Vancomycin and Amoxycillin and showing sensitivity against Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. It was observed in the current study that 100% isolates were resistant against Erythromycin, followed by Amoxycillin 90.63% and vancomycin 86.25%, where only 35.27% isolates were resistant against Ciprofloxacin. In case of sensitivity 64.73% isolates were sensitive against Ciprofloxacin followed by Ceftriaxone 66.25%.

This research was carried out to isolate and identify thermotolerant lactobacilli from broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Twenty five thermotolerant Lactobacillus strains were isolated and identified as Lactobacillus species based on cultural characteristics, biochemical tests, and sugar fermentation. The probiotic are a live microbial feed supplements which positively affects the health of the host animal by improving its intestinal balance.The results showed only four among twenty five isolates were highly responded to probiotic criteria such as low pH tolerance (2.5), bile salt tolerance (2%) and sodium chloride salt tolerance (5%) in vitro, and were identified strains as Lactobacillus plantarum img-02, Lactobacillus plantarum img-08, Lactobacillus plantarum img-10 and Lactobacillus acidophilus img-14 according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Four isolates grow enough at 45°C and two isolates (Lactobacillus plantarum img-10 and Lactobacillus acidophilus img-14) heat stable at 60°C for 30 min. All the strains were showed protease activity on skim milk agar. These strains were resistance to commercial antibiotic ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, imipenem and penicillin G but sensitive to ampicillin, doxycycline, erythromycin and tetracycline; also have antimicrobial activity against common pathogen such as ATCC of Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli (environmental isolates), Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. This study concludes that these isolates may be used as potential candidate as probiotic poultry feed. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 63-68

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