Aim On the basis of the worst outcomes of patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in intensive care unit, previously developed mortality prediction model, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) needs to be modified. Methods A total of 828 patients who underwent CRRT were recruited. Mortality prediction model was developed for the prediction of death within 7 days after starting the CRRT. Based on regression analysis, modified scores were assigned to each variable which were originally used in the APACHE II and SOFA scoring models. Additionally, a new abbreviated Mortality Scoring system for AKI with CRRT (MOSAIC) was developed after stepwise selection analysis. Results We used all the variables included in the APACHE II and SOFA scoring models. The prediction powers indicated by C‐statistics were 0.686 and 0.683 for 7‐day mortality by the APACHE II and SOFA systems, respectively. After modification of these models, the prediction powers increased up to 0.752 for the APACHE II and 0.724 for the SOFA systems. Using multivariate analysis, seven significant variables were selected in the MOSAIC model wherein its C‐statistic value was 0.772. These models also showed good performance with 0.720, 0.734 and 0.773 of C‐statistics in the modified APACHE II, modified SOFA and MOSAIC scoring models in the external validation cohort (n = 497). Conclusion The modified APACHE II/SOFA and newly developed MOSAIC models could be more useful tool for predicting mortality for patients receiving CRRT.

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IntroductionDespite of massive endeavors to characterize inflammation in COVID-19 patients, the core network of inflammatory mediators responsible for severe pneumonia stillremain remains elusive. MethodsHere, we performed quantitative and kinetic analysis of 191 inflammatory factors in 955 plasma samples from 80 normal controls (sample n = 80) and 347 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients (sample n = 875), including 8 deceased patients. ResultsDifferential expression analysis showed that 76% of plasmaproteins (145 factors) were upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients comparedwith moderate patients, confirming overt inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Global correlation analysis of the plasma factorsrevealed two core inflammatory modules, core I and II, comprising mainly myeloid cell and lymphoid cell compartments, respectively, with enhanced impact in a severity-dependent manner. We observed elevated IFNA1 and suppressed IL12p40, presenting a robust inverse correlation in severe patients, which was strongly associated with persistent hyperinflammation in 8.3% of moderate pneumonia patients and 59.4% of severe patients. DiscussionAberrant persistence of pulmonary and systemic inflammation might be associated with long COVID-19 sequelae. Our comprehensive analysis of inflammatory mediators in plasmarevealed the complexity of pneumonic inflammation in COVID-19 patients anddefined critical modules responsible for severe pneumonic progression.

This paper analyzes the process of change from 'other' to 'subject' by conducting in-depth interviews on the economic activities and life experiences of marriage migrant women in Yeongju, Gyeongbuk. According to the research results, marriage migrant women chose to marry Korean men in order to help poor families in their home countries and live a prosperous life in Korea. However, the realities of Korean families were poor, and women were severely ignored and discriminated against because they were from poor countries. Marriage migrant women made efforts to engage in economic activities and participate in Korean language classes and competency programs in order to change their poor home environment for the better. Marriage migrant women gave birth to sons, accepted Korean family culture, and were recognized as dignified personalities. Marriage migrant women are growing into family leaders by leading cultural convergence between their mother country and Korea.

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