Objective: Carvedilol an antihypertensive drug, exhibits poor solubility and dissolution rate. Hence an attempt has been made to prepare the Cocrystals of Carvedilol to increase the solubility and dissolution rate. Methods:The Co-crystals of Carvedilol were prepared using coformer such as succinic acid, fumaric acid and oxalic acid by Solvent evaporation method. The prepared Co-crystals were evaluated for solubility, dissolution rate and micrometric properties. The Co-crystals were characterized by scanning electronic Microscopy (SEM), FT-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD).Results: SEM of pure carvedilol and Cocrystals morphology clearly showed the formation of a new solid phase with the coformer. The FT-IR spectra indicate the shifting of characteristic peak in the Co-crystals but does not show any interaction between the co-former used. DSC data showed the change in the endotherm with the melting point of Co-crystals. XRD spectra indicate the notified difference in the 2θ and the intensity of the peaks. Solubility of CAR-SA Cocrystals (2.225±0.35), CAR-FA Cocrystals (1.880±0.20) and CAR-OA Cocrystals (1.128±0.23) was markedly improved compared to pure Carvedilol (0.376±0.06). Thus the increased in dissolution rate for CAR-SA Cocrystals (93.72 %). was highest whereas CAR-FA Cocrystals (91.56 %), CAR-OA Cocrystals (88.93 %) compared to pure Carvedilol (40.3) within 60 Min. The Carvedilol cocrystals were also showed improvement in the flow properties compare to pure Carvedilol. Conclusion:Hence the Co-crystal formation could be helpful to improve the solubility, dissolution and micromeritic properties of Carvedilol.
Acyclovir is an anti-viral, which has been used in the treatment of vaginal disorder. Acyclovir is almost completely absorbed after oral administration but has low bioavailability of about 10-15% because of first pass metabolism. As first pass metabolism removes approximately 85-90% of the drug, so for clinical efficacy of the drug it should be frequently administered. Hence an attempt has been made to produce sustained release dosage form of the acyclovir which can be specifically employed for the treatment of vaginal disordered by Herpes simplex virus. The Mucoadhesive tablets of acyclovir has been prepared by direct compression methods and evaluated for various parameter such as thickness, friability, hardness, drug content, weight variation, swelling index, surface pH, bioadhesive force, bioadhesive time, drug release etc. The kinetic data was applied to the optimized formulations. So formulation of acyclovir in a vaginal mucoadhesive tablet dosage form will decrease the frequency of administration, which can lead to an improvement in patient adherence and thereby improving its clinical efficacy.
The present study includes analytical method for determination of the drug Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride (CPH) in some Pharmaceuticals using Molecular Absorption, in addition to investigating complexes throughout. The analytical data obtained throughout this study could be summaries as follow. The method was found to be simple, safe, sensitive, and validated for the assay of chlorpromazine hydrochloride using phenol red, citrate buffer pH 3, and water as diluents. It was also found to be an accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective quality-control tool for the routine analysis of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in standard and pharmaceutical forms
The oral drug delivery is widely used and accepted routes of administration, but it fails to provide the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs due to low solubility, poor compression and oral bioavailability. Crystal engineering is the branch where the modification of API is of great importance. Co-crystallization of API using a co-former is a hopeful and emerging approach to improve the performance of pharmaceuticals, such as micromeritic properties, solubility, dissolution profile, pharmacokinetics and stability. Pharmaceutical co-crystals are multicomponent systems in which one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient and the others are pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients that are of GRAS category. In multidrug co-crystals one drug acts as API and other drug acts as coformer. This chapter illustrates the guidance for more efficient design and manufacture of pharmaceutical co-crystals with the desired physicochemical properties and applications.
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