A comprehensive study on biodiversity and environmental characteristics of three different selected study sites located on different estuarine networks viz. Matla, Saptamukhi, and Hooghly on eastern, central, and western regions, having different environmental features of Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem, India, a World Heritage Site, was conducted through six seasons of consecutive 2 years. The different sites understudy have shown variable species composition. Special emphasis was made to record the population structure of benthic fauna, which exhibited maximum density during premonsoon followed by monsoon and post-monsoon. Physicochemical parameters displayed a wide range of fluctuation through different seasons and also revealed differences among different study sites. Biotic community structures of different study sites have been analyzed using different community indices like similarity index, dominance index, diversity index, and evenness index. Moreover, in order to evaluate the environmental stress on the environmental health of this dynamic mangrove ecosystem of global importance, species pollution value and community pollution value have been deduced as a new model of biotic indices based on the distribution patterns of both zooplanktons and benthic fauna. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed the cumulative influence of a group of environmental parameters on the abundance of different components of biodiversity. The study site II (Saptamukhi), encircled by undisturbed mangrove islands, revealed the least pollution stress and higher biological diversity followed by Jharkhali (study site I), which is in the process of ecorestoration and Bokkhali (study site III), which has been under anthropogenic stress especially from ecotourism.
East Kolkata Wetland (EKW) has been assigned the status of Ramsar Site because of its vastness as well as self purification capabilities which have been utilized by local people for the massive agricultural and aquaculture production for more than one century. In this context, an attempt has been made in the present paper to evaluate the existing environmental health of four selected contrasting wetlands of this eco-zone of global importance by qualitative and quantitative hydrobiological studies. Two of the selected wetlands (study site-III and study site-IV) used to receive water from raw sewage after undergoing phytoremediation process. The study site-II has been selected with a view to evaluate the pollution stress on the structural components of this wetland ecosystem as it receives waste water because of anthropogenic activities, and the study site-I is away from any pollution impact as it is located in a well managed natural park. Quantification of the variabilities of different biotic components caused by water pollution has been assessed by recording binary distribution patterns of zooplankton and similarity indices. Besides, new Biotic Indices (Species Pollution Value-SPV and Community Pollution Value-CPV) have been developed using data on the distributional patterns of zooplankton in order to assess the degree of pollution of the studied wetlands. Seasonal water quality data along with qualitative and quantitative information of biological parameters have also been taken into consideration to highlight the impact of phytoremediation on wetland ecosystem dynamics on one hand and pollution stress on the structural and functional components of the water body on the other hand.
BACKGROUND:The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected mental health all over the world. The resilience of people is heavily influenced by it. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the usage of artistic engagement to overcome stress or anxiety of COVID-19 patients and the treatment team. METHODS:The study was carried out at two safe homes for COVID-19 care in Kolkata, India. Different art and performance activities were implemented like drawing, theatre, poetry and music. All total 42 participants (24 patients and 18 treatment team) participated at the venture. RESULTS:The study found isolation and fear of death as the most affecting factors for stress, and anxiety. Drawing therapy proved to be most suitable form for COVID-19 patients followed by music, theatre and poetry 66.67%, 57.14%, 21.43% and 7.14% respectively. The group art created by the participants depicted hope and care for next generation. Issues related to disease were the major focus of participants than socio-political issues with regard to forum theatre session. Almost every patient expressed their relief from stress by crying signifying the release from a high alert tension. The experience was the first time for the participants and almost 90% of them stated to have such kind of artistic engagement in future also. CONCLUSION: This was perhaps the pioneer study of artistic engagement in COVID-19 patients as a tool to enhance resilience. From the humanitarian and scientific approach COVID-19 patients and treatment team should also come under the umbrella of Art Therapy.
Great debate and controversy arises regarding the structure and status of human intraspecific competition and natural selection. The analysis of the form of natural selection especially intraspecific competition in human society reveals quite a lot of anomaly. Major differences in relation to the intraspecific competition and natural selection between man and other species in natural world are analysed and human competition is proposed to be completely unique in nature. The uniqueness was found to be occurred with respect to the resource generation, consideration of variation and artificial hindrances to share the natural wealth. The fundamental cause of such departure of man from the other species is suggested to be an outcome of class differentiation and division of labour. The paper intends to review the schools of opinions regarding the said issue and be going to recommend that the only way to bring back Homo sepiance sepiance under the common rule of natural selection is to eradicate these artificial hindrances or maintain the equality to share the natural resources.
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