Cotton fabrics were dyed with natural coloring matter extracted from Crocus sativus (saffron) using a traditional heating method and a power ultrasonic method. Factors affecting dyeing properties such as pH values, salt concentration, temperature, time in dye bath, and ultrasonic power were studied. Environmentally friendly mordants were used through pre-mordanting, post mordanting, and through simultaneous mordanting methods. The fastness properties-including light, washing, and perspiration for dyed and mordanted fabrics were assessed. Color strength (K/S) and color data [CIE lab (L*, a*, b*)] were measured for dyed cotton fabrics before and after dyeing and for mordanted cotton fabric.
Regardless of, there are a lot of researchers in the area of using microwave in textile coloration; its use in dye extraction in addition to textile I N THIS study, Peanut red skin (Arachis hypogaea L.) colorant extract was applied on wool fabric using alum (aluminum potassium sulfate) and ferrous sulfate as mordant. The effect of treatment variables such as dye concentration, pH of dyeing bath, time and temperature of dyeing process on the color strength and colorimetric data of dyed fabrics was examined. The fastness properties of dyed wool against rubbing, washing and light were evaluated. The use of metal mordants increased the color strength of the dyed fabrics. All mordants improved the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics toward perspiration, rubbing, washing, and light. Peanut red skin extract is a cationic dye Exhibits antimicrobial activity by virtue of its quaternary ammonium structure. So, dyed samples were tested for antibacterial activity using AATCC test method 100-2004. The dyed wool represented a high level of antibacterial activity. The extract of the Peanut red skin can be considered as a natural dye of acceptable fastness properties together with excellent antibacterial activity for woolen fabrics.
Plain weave polyester fabrics were treated with lipase enzymes; namely lipase Type II and lipolase 100L-EX enzyme at different reaction conditions to enhance its dyeability with basic dye. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic investigation proved the creation of carboxylic as well as hydroxyl groups as a result of controlled rupture of ester links along polyethylene terephthalate macromolecule. This led to improved dyeability with the cationic dye "Basic Red 18" as well as reactive dye "Reactive Red 120". Physical as well as mechanical properties of the treated fabrics; namely wettability, moisture regain, and tensile properties, were assessed compared to those of the untreated one. No significant deteriorative action of the lipolase enzyme, under the used reaction conditions, was detected by scanning electron microscopy.
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