Rationale-While the personality dimensions of novelty seeking and sensation seeking are associated with drug abuse vulnerability, the mechanisms associated with this vulnerability remain obscure.Objective-This study examined the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine in healthy volunteers scoring in the upper and lower quartiles based on age-and gender-adjusted population norms on the impulsive Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire (ZKPQ).Method-Participants completed 7-day outpatient studies examining the subjective, performance, and cardiovascular effects of d-amphetamine (0, 7.5, and 15 mg/70 kg, p.o.) under double-blind conditions according to a randomized block design. Performance tasks included behavioral measures of impulsivity, including attention, inhibition, and risk-taking behavior.Results-No differences in baseline performance or d-amphetamine effects on measures of attention, inhibition, and risk-taking behavior were observed. High impulsive sensation seekers
Tailored health communication research represents a very promising line of inquiry that has the potential to produce major impacts on lifestyle behaviors. This study defines tailoring and discusses how tailored interventions operate, including comparing/ contrasting different tailoring channels. Next, the authors review the literature on tailored interventions to change lifestyle behaviors, with a focus on smoking cessation, dietary change, and physical activity, as well as interventions that address multiple lifestyle behaviors. Finally, future directions for tailoring research are discussed. To date, a large literature has amassed showing the promise of tailored programs delivered via print, Internet, local computer/kiosk, telephone, and interpersonal channels. Numerous studies demonstrate that these programs are capable of significant impacts on smoking cessation, dietary change, physical activity, and multiple behavior change. It is concluded that the potential of tailoring will be more fully realized as (a) the field builds a more cumulative science of tailoring and (b) greater dissemination of efficacious tailored programs takes place.
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