The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making nongovernmental organisation promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding and producing high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will help make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie scoping papers 3ie develops its thematic grant programmes in a particular development area or sector through an organised scoping process. This multifaceted exercise helps ensure that new windows address priorities for evidence production where evidence is limited and gaps have been identified. 3ie scopes the demand for evidence through consultation with potential users, including policymakers, programme managers, researchers and civil society. Scoping exercises usually include producing an evidence map of interventions and outcomes of included studies and reviews. This aids identification of where more or better evidence is needed and where evidence is sufficient for producing systematic reviews. Other scoping can include reviewing existing programming and funding. The results include priority questions for which there is demand for answers. Scoping papers consolidate this information into a justification for what a thematic grant programme will address. About this paper3ie conducted scoping work on adolescent sexual and reproductive health to assess evidence on the effectiveness of related programmes in low-and middle-income countries, and to identify priorities for funding new 3ie impact evaluations and systematic reviews in this area. An evidence gap map is reported in this paper, and is also available in the 3ie Evidence Gap Map Report series, Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: an evidence gap map. An interactive version of the map is available on the 3ie website. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation provided funding for this scoping project.All of the content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not represent the opinions of 3ie, its donors or its Board of Commissioners. Any errors and omissions are also the sole responsibility of the authors. Any comments or queries should be directed to the corresponding author, Kristen Rankin, at krankin@3ieimpact.org. AcknowledgementsWe are extremely grateful to James Jarvis-Thiébault, Nadine Pfeifer, Mark Englebert, Julie Perng and Ashley Holst for their research assistance. We could not have done this work without the support and leadership of Annette N Brown and further technical support and review comments from Beryl Leach. We appreciate Edoardo Masset's helpful review comments on the evidence gap map. 3ie developed the evidence gap map with guidance and input from an advisory group, who also reviewed this draft. We are very thankful to its members, listed below. Additionally, 3ie would like to thank the wide range of stakeholders who participated in consultative workshops and a roundtable. A complete list of particip...
Background Cardiac injury is common in COVID‐19 patients and is associated with increased mortality. However, it remains unclear if reduced cardiac function is associated with cardiac injury, and additionally if mortality risk is increased among those with reduced cardiac function in COVID‐19 patients. Hypothesis The aim of this study was to assess cardiac function among COVID‐19 patients with and without biomarkers of cardiac injury and to determine the mortality risk associated with reduced cardiac function. Methods/Results This retrospective cohort study analyzed 143 consecutive COVID‐19 patients who had an echocardiogram during hospitalization between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2020. The mean age was 67 ± 16 years. Cardiac troponin‐I was available in 131 patients and an increased value (>0.03 ng/dL) was found in 59 patients (45%). Reduced cardiac function, which included reduced left or right ventricular systolic function, was found in 40 patients (28%). Reduced cardiac function was found in 18% of patients without troponin‐I elevation, 42% with mild troponin increase (0.04‐5.00 ng/dL) and 67% with significant troponin increase (>5 ng/dL). Reduced cardiac function was also present in more than half of the patients on mechanical ventilation or those deceased. The in‐hospital mortality of this cohort was 28% (N = 40). Using logistic regression analysis, we found that reduced cardiac function was associated with increased mortality with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.65 (1.18 to 5.96). Conclusions Reduced cardiac function is highly prevalent among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with biomarkers of myocardial injury and is independently associated with mortality.
Objectives Improving family-centered outcomes is a priority in oncologic critical care. As part of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Collaborative, we implemented patient- and family-centered initiatives in a comprehensive cancer center. Methods A multidisciplinary team was created to implement the initiatives. We instituted an open visitation policy (OVP) that revamped the use of the two-way communication boards and enhanced the waiting room experience by hosting ICU family-centered events. To assess the initiatives’ effects, we carried out pre-intervention (PRE) and post-intervention (POST) family/caregiver and ICU practitioner surveys. Results A total of 159 (PRE = 79, POST = 80) family members and 147 (PRE = 95, POST = 52) ICU practitioners participated. Regarding the decision-making process, family members felt more included (40.5% vs. 68.8%, p < 0.001) and more supported (29.1% vs. 48.8%, p = 0.011) after the implementation of the initiatives. The caregivers also felt more control over the decision-making process in the POST survey (34.2% vs. 56.3%, p = 0.005). Although 33% of the ICU staff considered OVP was beneficial for the ICU, 41% disagreed and 26% were neutral. Only half of them responded that OVP was beneficial for patients and 63% agreed that OVP was beneficial for families. Half of the practitioners agreed that OVP resulted in additional work for staff. Significance of results Our project effectively promoted patient- and family-centered care. The families expressed satisfaction with the communication of information and the decision-making process. However, the ICU staff felt that the initiatives increased their work load. Further research is needed to understand whether making this project universal or introducing additional novel practices would significantly benefit patients admitted to the ICU and their family.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.