American foulbrood is the most destructive honeybee bacterial disease. The etiological
agent, Paenibacillus larvae, has been classified into four genotypes by a
repetitive-element PCR (ERIC I-IV) and 21 sequence types by multilocus sequence typing
(ST1-21). In this study, we genotyped Japanese P. larvae isolates for the
first time and revealed the presence of three genotypes (ERIC I-ST2, ERIC I-ST15 and ERIC
II-ST10) in the western region of Aichi prefecture. ERIC I-ST15 and ERIC II-ST10 are
globally distributed types, whereas the ERIC I-ST2 isolate was the first isolate of this
genotype identified outside the native range of the European honeybee. The ERIC I and II
isolates differed in phenotypes including cell morphology, and these may be useful for
predicting ERIC types.
A 14-month-old Japanese black beef steer presented with severe chronic diarrhea and
emaciation and was euthanized. Postmortem examination showed thickened and corrugated
intestinal mucosa and enlarged granulomatous mesenteric lymph nodes with caseating
necrosis. Numerous epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells infiltrated in the
lamina propria and the submucosal tissue of the intestines. These cells were also observed
in the systemic organs. Many acid-fast bacilli were detected in the cytoplasm of these
cells and were identified as ‘Mycobacterium avium subsp.
hominissuis’ (Mah) on the basis of the results of
molecular examinations and immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate that
Mah can cause systemic mycobacteriosis, and this unique infection needs
to be distinguished from Johne’s disease and tuberculosis in cattle.
A 7-day-old calf died following development of mild respiratory symptoms. Postmortem
examination revealed the kidneys were inflamed, and Gram-negative bacteria was detected in
the kidneys, supporting the diagnosis of suppurative pyelonephritis.
Mannheimia
varigena
antigen was found in the lesions and the cytoplasm of macrophages and
neutrophils in the renal cortex. The Gram-negative bacilli from the kidney were identified
as
M. varigena
by sequencing the 16S rDNA. Although
M.
varigena
is known to cause bovine respiratory disease syndrome, shipping fever,
and meningitis, it was unknown that it could also cause suppurative pyelonephritis. Our
study provides the first evidence of suppurative pyelonephritis caused by
M.
varigena
in cattle and information that would improve our understanding,
diagnosis, and treatment for
M. varigena
infections.
Five-day-old neonatal piglets presented with debilitation and ananastasia. At the
necropsy of one piglet, the apex of the tongue was found to be discolored dark red, and
disseminated white foci were found on the cut surface. Many white foci were also found in
the lungs and on the serosa of the liver and spleen. Histopathological findings revealed
multifocal necrotic glossitis and pneumonia with Gram-negative bacilli. The bacilli were
identified as
Actinobacillus suis
through immunohistochemical,
biochemical, and genetic tests, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although
A.
suis
usually causes inflammation in thoracic and abdominal organs, lesions were
also found in the tongue in the present case. This study is the first report of glossitis
caused by
A. suis
.
A 5-month-old crossbred beef steer died after exhibiting astasia. A postmortem
examination revealed verrucous endocarditis and numerous renal hemorrhages. Gram-positive
bacteria were identified in the necrotic lesions of the verruca and mitral valve via
histopathological analysis. Multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage were detected in the renal
cortex. Gram-positive cocci isolated from the verruca were identified via biochemical
tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Streptococcus suis.
Serotyping indicated that the S. suis isolates were untypable, following
which these isolates were classified as a new sequence type (ST1000) via multi-locus
sequence typing. S. suis is an important pathogen of pigs. However,
clinical cases in cattle are rare. This report is intended to provide information that may
be useful in the diagnosis of streptococcal disease in cattle.
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