In this report, we described an adult case with a lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus that had migrated to the S1 nerve root foramen from L5-S1 disc space. Endoscopically, the migrated mass was successfully removed after laminectomy at the S1 with a small skin incision of 20 mm in length. Unlike the other levels, the intraforaminally migrated mass along the S1 root can be excised without any removal of the facet joints; therefore, additional spinal fusion is not necessary. Thus, an S1 foraminal migrated mass can be a good surgical candidate for minimally invasive endoscopic surgery.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) intumescence severely affects tomato plants and thereby crop yields. In this study, we investigated the differences in intumescence between varieties. We assessed the shoot:root (S/R) ratio and incidence of intumescence in seedlings of 12 tomato varieties subjected to sudden increases in ambient humidity and soil moisture. The S/R ratio and severity of intumescence injury were positively correlated. Next, three tomato varieties with different S/R ratios and intumescence incidence were assessed. Changes in xylem pressure potential of seedlings occurred in response to a changing water environment in a controlled environment chamber, i.e., from a dry condition (50% relative humidity, no irrigation) to a wet condition (90% relative humidity, sub-irrigation). The xylem pressure potential decreased under dry conditions in relation to the S/R ratio and intumescence incidence but increased rapidly after exposure to wet conditions. Tomato varieties with large S/R ratios showed large changes in their water potential in response to changes in the surrounding water environment, and it is thought that cells are more likely to rupture when water potential increases after a transition from dry to wet conditions.
A female patient in her 50s was admitted to our hospital with melena and weight loss. A close investigation revealed locally advanced rectal cancer, with suspected sacral invasion (lower than S4 level) and lateral lymph node metastasis. Because curative surgery was difficult, we performed local chemoradiotherapy combined with TS-1. Effective tumor reduction was observed on a computed tomography scan after 1 month. After 2 months, rectal amputation with sacral resection was performed. Histopathologically, small amounts of well-differentiated and mucinous carcinoma were present, although most of the tumor comprised fibrous scar tissue, with a negative resection margin. Grade 2 therapeutic efficacy was achieved with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. This treatment is considered effective for unresectable rectal cancer with sacral invasion because it could cause tumor reduction and down-staging, improve the radical resection rate, control local recurrence, and preserve the functions of surrounding structures. Key words:locally advanced rectal cancer,preoperative chemoradiotherapy,sacral resection
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