Background: Despite significant advances in cleft lip and palate (CLP) care, the often quoted "rule of 10 s" has not been objectively investigated concerning its practicality since its inception, especially, in low-resourced country like Ghana. Aim of the Study: This was to evaluate the unilateral cleft lip weight, haemoglobin and surgical repair outcome by considering the "Rule of 10's". Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all consecutive patients who presented with unilateral cleft lip and were operated on during the period 2011 to 2015. The information retrieved from the patient's records included the following at the time of surgery: Age (weeks), weight (pounds), hemoglobin level (g/dl), type of cleft and surgical outcome. Results: A total of 120 patients were seen during the study period (2011 to 2015) that had unilateral cleft lip. Female to male ratio was 3:2. (74) 62% had in addition, cleft palate (UCLp) and (46) 38% were only unilateral cleft lip without a palate (UCLo). Unilateral cleft lip was also divided into complete(UCLc) and incomplete unilateral cleft lip(UCLi). Out of the total number 120 patients seen during the study period, (80) 67% had complete unilateral cleft lip while (40) 33% had incomplete unilateral cleft lip. At week 10, the average weight were 11.2, 8.5, 8.2, 11.8 pounds for the various types of cleft at the time of surgery of the lip (UCLo, UCLp, UCLc and UCLi respectively). ≥10 weeks, the level of Haemoglobin at the time of surgery were 10.5, 8.6, 8.6 and 10.8 gm/dl (UCLo, UCLp, UCLc and UCLi respectively. Most of the patients, 28.4% with an associated cleft palate had their unilateral cleft repairs done by week 15. Conclusion: Children with unilateral cleft lip with an associated palate and unilateral complete cleft lip turned to have lower haemoglobin and weight at week ten after birth compared to unilateral incomplete cleft lip without cleft palate patients. This means that, the rule of 10s is still applicable in our centre especially for those with incomplete unilateral cleft lip without an associated cleft palate. There were more post-operative wound infections in children who had unilateral cleft lip with an associated cleft palate.
Background: The aetiology and pattern of maxillofacail injuries vary in different parts of the world and even the same country. The purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at a tertiary Hospital in Ghana. Methodology: This is a six-month (January to June 2015) prospective study. Information on age, sex, aetiology, injury type etc. was collected using a specialized design data collection form. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 17th version. Ethical approval was obtained. Result: The total study sample was 111 with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Majority (34.2%) were within the ages of 21 to 30 years. Majority of the victims were urban dwellers. Most of the injuries occurred on the highway (42.3%) and in the evening (35.2%). Only a small percentage (5.4%) of the road traffic crashes (RTC) victims were in some form of protection. Twenty-one (18.9%) of the injuries were intentional, of which 18 (85.7%) were assault. The commonest maxillofacial injury was a combination of soft and hard tissues 72 (64.7%). The commonest cause of maxillofacial soft tissue injuries was RTC, 72.8%. Laceration (55.6%) was the most common soft tissue injury recorded. Mandibular fractures constituted the commonest hard tissue injuries. Conclusion: This study has shown that road traffic crashes are the most common cause of injuries to the maxillofacial region. The mandible is the most frequent site of fracture, while the commonest soft tissue injury is laceration. Majority of the victims were young energetic males and adherence to road traffic regulations was very low.
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