Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is gradually emerging as an option among patients with cholecystitis. A stent-bridged endoscopic intervention in the gallbladder (GB) was further introduced. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the electrocautery-enhanced delivery of a lumen apposing metal stent (ECE-LAMS) and this newly designed retrievable anchor (RA) applied in the transmural cholecystolithotomy. Method We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients undergoing EUS-guided transmural cholecystoscopic therapy. The main outcome measures for the EUS-GBD procedure were technical success and adverse events, which were also compared between the guided assisted group and the RA-assisted group. The main outcome measures for transmural cholecystoscopy after EUS-GBD were the stent indwelling time, clinical success, and adverse events. Results A total of 24 (15 female) patients with gallstones received transluminal cholecystolithotomy. The mean age of the patients was 36.08±13.69 years. The success rate of the anchor-assisted group was higher than that of the guidewire-assisted group (92.9% vs. 70%, P=0.07). On an average of 12.25±2.77 (range 8-17) days after the initial GB drainage procedure, 20 patients received per-oral cholecystoscopy via the fistula. A ruptured fistula was found in 2 patients in whom the per-oral cholecystoscopy was applied on the ninth day after EUS-GBD. During the follow-up period (mean 314.2± 213.7 days), no GB stone recurrence or other long-term complications were reported. Conclusion We demonstrated that the EUS-assisted per-oral cholecystoscopy technique with ECE-LMAS is an efficient and safe procedure. For the EUS-GBD procedure, a RA could significantly increase the success rate compared with the guidewire.
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