Background: Bilateral simultaneous angle closure glaucoma is a rare entity. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma secondary to isolated microspherophakia in an adult.

Apart from disease control, it is important to improve the dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D and encourage more physical activities and exposure to sunlight in JIA patients.

Serum cholesterol and LDL are independent risk factors for retinal hard exudates in type 2 diabetic north Indian patients who suffer from a remarkably high incidence of dyslipidemia.

Phacoemulsification using a 'phaco chop' technique is a safe procedure in vitrectomized eyes.

The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical profile of Behçet's disease in the Indian population as seen in a tertiary referral uveitis clinic. A retrospective non-comparative case series was used. The records of all of the patients seen in our uveitis clinic between January 1990 and December 2006 were screened and patients with a diagnosis of Behçet's disease were enrolled. The diagnosis was based on the Japanese diagnostic criteria and patients were classified into complete, incomplete, suspected, and possible Behçet's disease. Information on the patient's demographic characteristics, ocular and systemic clinical features, complications, investigation results, management protocols, and visual outcome was collected. The records of 4,214 uveitis clinic patients were screened and 53 patients (1.25%) of Behçet's disease were identified. These included 39 males and 14 females (2.8:1), with a mean age of 27.6 years (range 10-51 years). Fifty (94.3%) of these patients were of either complete or incomplete Behçet's disease. Ocular involvement was the most common manifestation (49 patients, 92.4%), followed by oral ulcers (88.7%), genital ulcers (61.2%), and skin involvement (28.3%). Panuveitis (57.1%) was the most common ocular presentation, followed by posterior (26.5%) and anterior uveitis (16.3%). More than 95% of the patients required oral steroids, while additional immunosuppressants were used in nearly 53% of the patients. The common complications observed included complicated cataract (57% of eyes), followed by cystoid macular edema (55.1%), occlusive vasculitis (44.8%), and optic atrophy (26.5%). Nearly 36% of the eyes maintained 6/12 or better vision, while 38% of the eyes were less than 6/60 after a mean follow-up period of 4.9 years (range 2-16 years). Behçet's disease, although rare among Indians, commonly manifests with ocular involvement as non-granulomatous panuveitis with a high incidence of complications and unfavorable visual outcome in nearly one-third of the cases.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of diabetic macular edema (persistent type) with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % (off label use). 20 patients with persistent diabetic macular edema were enrolled. In all subjects, more than 4 months had passed since prior treatment. All patients were treated with difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % three times daily for 3 months. At the end of 3 months the visual acuity had increased by two lines to a mean value of 0.61 ± 0.18 on logMAR from a baseline value of 0.885 ± 0.20 and the central retinal thickness had decreased from 423 ± 72.04 microns to 345 ± 68.7 microns. Hence, there was a total of 18.4 % decrease in retinal thickness on difluprednate. Major side effects included raised intraocular pressure in 20 %. Difluprednate is a potent and strong steroid which causes a rapid decrease in persistent diabetic macular edema. However, the potential side effect of raised intraocular pressure limits its use as an adjuvant therapy in non-steroid responders.

Perinatal Chikungunya should be considered in neonates presenting within first week with fever, encephalopathy and perioral rashes with/without seizures with history of maternal Chikungunya within last week before delivery.

Tuberculosis (TB) is widely prevalent in developing nations and has recently made a comeback in industrialized countries, with the rise in immunocompromized patients. Musculoskeletal TB in children presents a diagnostic challenge because it is difficult to recognize in the early stages of the disease, and imaging features mimic other entities. The clinical onset is insidious, with an indolent course and a resultant late presentation. It leads to significant morbidity; a delay in diagnosis can cause potentially serious neurological complications and bone and joint destruction. Conventional radiographs are the initial imaging modality and US, CT and MRI are used in conjunction to better delineate the disease extent and morphology. Radiologists should be familiar with the spectrum of imaging features of TB, including plain radiographs and MRI, and aid the clinician in making an early diagnosis. Aspiration or biopsy with examination for acid-fast bacillus and histological evaluation is required to confirm the diagnosis.