Contamination of drinking water with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) raisesconcerns over the security and long-term sustainability of clean water supplies as well ashuman exposure via daily water intake. In this study, the seasonal disparity and occurrence ofsix phthalates and bisphenol A in the drinking water supply system and associated health risk wereexamined. DEHP was the most prevalent phthalate esters congener ranging from 1.14 - 8351.85 µg/L(winter) and 0.552 - 410.29 µg/L (summer) surpassing the permissible limit.Meanwhile, BPA concentrations were found under the permissible limit. The results suggested that PAEsconcentration displayed significant seasonal variations with the highest in winter and thelowest in the summer.The exposure toPAEs and BPA from drinking water was assessed, and the results indicated a possible healthrisk to humans with a Hazard Quotient (HQ) for DEHP.The findings necessitate an immediate scrutiny of these EDCs indrinking water supply system and are critical for implementing effective technologies at theWTP scale to ensure the quality and safety of drinking water in order to ascertain human andenvironmental health.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.