Background and Objectives: Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS) is rare, and characterized by unilateral upper neck or occipital pain and paresthesia in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the tongue due to neck movement. Treatment for NTS is mainly conservative, but the symptoms, causes, and rationale for treatment remain controversial. This study aimed to provide a framework for NTS treatment in clinical practice based on recent treatment directions. Materials and Methods: Case reports published from the past 20 years to August 2021 were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PEDro databases. Since there is no established management for NTS, the search terms were neck-tongue syndrome and case reports. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports was used for the quality assessment of case reports. Through descriptive analysis, NTS symptoms, interventions, and results were reviewed. Results: Among the 16 studies searched, six case reports were selected and analyzed based on eight criteria. Symptoms included neck pain and ipsilateral tongue paralysis when the head was turned. As an intervention, six and four studies showed immediate symptom relief through manual therapy and exercise, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the reviewed evidence, management through physical therapy and chiropractic therapy with conservative methods such as manual therapy and exercise for patients with neck-tongue syndrome is recommended.

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method :The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60㎐) MC(60㎂, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment.Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion :These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

Core training is a key element in conditioning and fitness programs for athletes and non-athletes [1,2]. Core training is important primarily for the purpose of performance improvement and injury prevention [3], because it provides stability around the trunk by providing a stable base for the distal extremity [4].The core muscles consist of the diaphragm, abdominal external oblique, abdominal internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and pelvic floor muscles [5]. The most representative and traditional static core exercises are crunches and planks, also called stabilization exercises [6,7]. In addition to static core training, dynamic core training is presented in various ways, and dead bug exercise (DBE) is an dynamic core training that is frequently prescribed as an alternative to crunch exercise [8]. Similarly, In physical therapy clinics, DBE is prescribed as an essential exercise for core stability and strength for patients with low back pain [9].Core training is a key component of conditioning and fitness programs for athletes and non-athletes [1,2]. Core training is important primarily for performance

IntroductionNSLBP is a chronic symptom that occurs in many age groups worldwide [1], and the prevalence was reported to be 39% across all age groups [2]. It is considered to have various biological and behavioral etiology [3], and it is a multidimensional disease that combines psychosocial factors as well as physical problems [4].In the treatment guidelines for NSLBP, pharmacological interventions, usual care, Tai Chi, Pilates, Yoga, psychological therapy, and complex physical and psychological programs are recommended [5,6]. In the meta-analysis of low back pain, it was reported that stabilization exercise was more effective than general exercise for pain and disability [7]. It has also been associated with high cortisol levels in NSLBP [8], and it is used as a biochemical marker to indicate low back pain when cortisol levels are high [9,10]. The positive effects of yoga reported by Field et al. were mediated by increased vagal activity and decreased cortisol [11].Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of Yoga and stabilization exercise on pain, function, and depression in NSLBP patients.

Objective: Nonspecific low back pain (NS-LBP) causes pain and disability, affecting the neuromuscular system and altering gait patterns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of improvement of low back pain symptoms through physical therapy on foot pressure and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Design: A pilot study.Methods: Participants received manual therapy and supervised therapeutic exercise, which consisted of 12 sessions for 6 weeks. Participants were assessed for pain intensity (a numeric pain rating scale), disability index (oswestry disability index), and spatiotemporal gait parameters before and after intervention. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the before-and-after differences in a single group. Results: All seven NS-LBP patients completed the study without dropout. After six weeks of physical therapy, the numeric pain rating scale and oswestry disability index showed significant improvement (Z＝-2.388, P＝0.017). There was no significant improvement in both static and dynamic conditions in foot pressure (P＞0.05). However, in the spatiotemporal gait parameters, there were significant differences in all variables except the right stance phase and left mid stance (P＜0.05). Conclusions: In our pilot study, 12 sessions of physical therapy in NS-LBP patients improved gait quilty in spatiotemporal gait parameters. Similarly, it has resulted in clinically positive improvements in pain and disability.