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Background: Clinical diagnosis of vesiculobullous disorders (VBD) is not always straightforward. It is a challenge for a dermatologist to make the right diagnosis noninvasively in a short time. Objective: To evaluate dermoscopic patterns associated with vesiculobullous disorders. Methods: A total of 230 patients, irrespective of age and gender, with a history and clinical presentation suggestive of VBD (including primarily infectious, inflammatory, genetic, antibody-mediated, mechanical, environmental, metabolic, and drug-related) were recruited into the study. Patients with secondarily infected lesions were excluded. Dermoscopic examination along with Tzanck smear/skin biopsy smear test was performed on the most representative lesions. Data were compiled and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Lesions with erythematous (vascular) and yellowish (serum) translucent background with regular margins were seen in most of the VBD studied. Chickenpox (CP) and herpes zoster (HZ) lesions evolved with the progress of their clinical stages. Follicular and eccrine openings were commonly seen, but the pigmentation around them was specific to pemphigus vulgaris. A distorted pigment network was noted in bullous pemphigoid. White rosettes (keratin blockage) were characteristic of epidermolysis bullosa, Wickham striae (orthokeratosis) of lichen planus, and crumpled fabric appearance (flaccidity) of Hailey-Hailey disease. Globules/dots (microvesicles) of different colors were also seen in various VBD. Blue/black color usually corresponded to retained melanin. Conclusion: Some dermoscopic patterns are observed consistently with certain diseases, and these can be used for their diagnosis, complementary to histopathological examination.
Introduction: Head injury causes more deaths and disability than any other neurologic condition and occurs in >70% of accidents, which is the leading cause of death. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and assess the role of computedtomography in patients with head trauma and to study the various cranio-cerebral changes that occur in trauma to head with aid of CT. Material and methods: The study comprised of a prospective analysis of 100 patients with Cranio-cerebral trauma using computed tomography who were treated at our institution from November 2017 To April 2019. Findings of the computed tomography using Helical CT scanner, Siemens Machine were computed and compiled. Results: The study revealed that males were commonly affected (70%). Most of the patients were in age group of 21-30 years (29%).Patients with severe head injury on GCS scoring formed the bulk of the study (44%). Cerebral edema was the most common intracranial lesion observed (45%). Subdural hemorrhage was more common of all intracranial hemorrhages noted (39%). Patients with a Glasgow coma scale of <8 had the highest mortality (40.90%). Conclusion: Computed tomography is one of the comprehensive diagnostic modality for accurate localization of the site of injury in acute Cranio-cerebral trauma. The early and timely diagnosis of the precise lesion by CT not only had substantial impact over instituting appropriate treatment and timely surgical intervention but also helped in predicting the ultimate outcome.
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